In Northern Europe, sowing maize one‐month earlier than current agricultural practices may lead to moderate chilling damage. However, studies of the metabolic responses to low, non‐freezing, temperatures remain scarce. Here, genetically‐diverse maize hybrids (Zea mays, dent inbred lines crossed with a flint inbred line) were cultivated in a growth chamber at optimal temperature and then three decreasing temperatures for 2 days each, as well as in the field. Leaf metabolomic and proteomic profiles were determined. In the growth chamber, 50% of metabolites and 18% of proteins changed between 20 and 16°C. These maize responses, partly differing from those of Arabidopsis to short‐term chilling, were mapped on genome‐wide metabolic maps. Several metabolites and proteins showed similar variation for all temperature decreases: seven MS‐based metabolite signatures and two proteins involved in photosynthesis decreased continuously. Several increasing metabolites or proteins in the growth‐chamber chilling conditions showed similar trends in the early‐sowing field experiment, including trans‐aconitate, three hydroxycinnamate derivatives, a benzoxazinoid, a sucrose synthase, lethal leaf‐spot 1 protein, an allene oxide synthase, several glutathione transferases and peroxidases. Hybrid groups based on field biomass were used to search for the metabolite or protein responses differentiating them in growth‐chamber conditions, which could be of interest for breeding.

中文翻译：

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玉米代谢组和蛋白质组对受控冷胁迫的反应部分模拟了田间早播效应，与拟南芥不同

在北欧，比目前的农业实践提前一个月播种玉米可能会导致中等程度的冷害。然而，对低、非冷冻温度的代谢反应的研究仍然很少。在这里，遗传多样性的玉米杂交种（Zea mays、与燧石近交系杂交的 dent 近交系）在生长室中在最佳温度下培养，然后在三个降低的温度下分别培养 2 天，以及在田间。测定叶代谢组学和蛋白质组学特征。在生长室中，50% 的代谢物和 18% 的蛋白质在 20 到 16°C 之间发生变化。这些玉米反应，部分不同于拟南芥对短期冷却的反应，被绘制在全基因组代谢图谱上。几种代谢物和蛋白质在所有温度降低时表现出相似的变化：七个基于 MS 的代谢物特征和两种参与光合作用的蛋白质持续减少。在早播田间试验中，生长室冷却条件下几种增加的代谢物或蛋白质显示出相似的趋势，包括反式- 乌头酸、三种羟基肉桂酸酯衍生物、苯并恶嗪类化合物、蔗糖合酶、致死叶斑病 1 蛋白、丙二烯氧化合酶、几种谷胱甘肽转移酶和过氧化物酶。基于田间生物量的杂种组用于寻找在生长室条件下区分它们的代谢物或蛋白质反应，这可能对育种感兴趣。