Over the years, various models have been proposed to explain the psychology and biology of drug addiction, built primarily around the habit and compulsion models. Recent research indicates drug addiction may be goal-directed, motivated by excessive valuation of drugs. Drug consumption may initially occur for the sake of pleasure but may transition to a means of escaping withdrawal, stress and negative emotions. In this hypothetical paper, we propose a value-based neurobiological model for drug addiction. We posit that during dependency, the value-based decision-making system in the brain is not inactive but has instead prioritized drugs as the reward of choice. In support of this model, we consider the role of valuation in choice, its influence on pleasure and punishment, and how valuation is contrasted in impulsive and compulsive behaviours. We then discuss the neurobiology of value, beginning with the dopaminergic system and its relationship with incentive salience before moving to brain-wide networks involved in valuation, control and prospection. These value-based neurobiological components are then integrated into the cycle of addiction as we consider the development of drug dependency from a valuation perspective. We conclude with a discussion of cognitive interventions utilizing value-based decision-making, highlighting not just advances in recalibrating the valuation system to focus on non-drug rewards, but also areas for improvement in refining this approach.

多年来，人们已经提出了各种模型来解释吸毒成瘾的心理和生物学，这些模型主要围绕习惯和强迫模型建立。最近的研究表明，吸毒成瘾可能是出于目标导向，是由于对毒品的过度估价所致。最初可能出于娱乐目的而吸食毒品，但可能会转变成逃避戒断，压力和负面情绪的手段。在该假设性论文中，我们提出了一种基于价值的药物成瘾神经生物学模型。我们认为，在依赖期间，大脑中基于价值的决策系统并非不活跃，而是优先考虑药物作为选择的奖励。为了支持该模型，我们考虑了估值在选择中的作用，它对愉悦和惩罚的影响，以及在冲动和强迫行为中如何对付估值。然后，我们将讨论价值的神经生物学，首先是多巴胺能系统及其与激励显着性的关系，然后转向涉及评估，控制和预期的全脑网络。然后，当我们从评估的角度考虑药物依赖性的发展时，这些基于价值的神经生物学成分将被整合到成瘾循环中。最后，我们讨论了利用基于价值的决策进行认知干预的问题，不仅着重于重新评估价值体系以关注非药物奖励的进步，还强调了改进此方法的领域。然后，当我们从评估的角度考虑药物依赖性的发展时，这些基于价值的神经生物学成分将被整合到成瘾循环中。最后，我们讨论了利用基于价值的决策进行认知干预的问题，不仅着重于重新评估价值体系以关注非药物奖励的进展，还强调了改进此方法的领域。然后，当我们从评估的角度考虑药物依赖性的发展时，这些基于价值的神经生物学成分将被整合到成瘾循环中。最后，我们讨论了利用基于价值的决策进行认知干预的问题，不仅着重于重新评估价值体系以关注非药物奖励的进展，还强调了改进此方法的领域。