The massive use of plastics in several products has generated microplastic debris worldwide. Besides their negative effect on marine organisms by ingestion, microplastics are a contamination vector due to their capacity to transport organic pollutants around our planet. To evaluate the magnitude of this issue, it is necessary to know what kinds of contaminants are adsorbed on microplastics, as well as their concentrations. In order to assess the adsorption and desorption of pollutants from microplastics, effective and reliable extraction procedures are required. In this overview, literature reports, in which extraction, separation and determination methods have been applied to analyse the organic pollutants adsorbed on microplastics, are revised and discussed. Furthermore, the worldwide occurrence of organic compounds found on microplastics in oceans is reviewed and the results obtained from different geographical areas and their global distribution trends are compared. Priority organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hexachlorocyclohexanes, polychlorinated benzenes, perfluoroalkyl substances or bisphenol analogues, have been widely found on microplastic samples. Future research that focuses on different kinds of emerging pollutants is required.

在多种产品中大量使用塑料已在全球范围内产生了微塑料碎片。除了通过摄入对海洋生物的负面影响外，由于微塑料能够在地球上运输有机污染物，因此也是一种污染媒介。为了评估此问题的严重性，有必要知道微塑料上吸附了哪种污染物以及它们的浓度。为了评估微塑料中污染物的吸附和解吸，需要有效而可靠的提取程序。在此概述中，对文献报告进行了修订和讨论，在该文献报告中，提取，分离和测定方法已应用于分析微塑料上吸附的有机污染物。此外，回顾了海洋中在微塑料上发现的有机化合物在全球范围内的发生情况，并比较了从不同地理区域获得的结果及其全球分布趋势。在微塑料样品中已广泛发现优先有机污染物，例如多环芳烃，六氯环己烷，多氯苯，全氟烷基物质或双酚类似物。需要针对不同种类的新兴污染物的未来研究。