Ebolavirus disease (EVD) is a severe, highly contagious, and often fatal systemic disease in human and non-human primates. Zoonotic and human-to-human transmission have been well documented. Ebolaviruses are endemic to Equatorial and West Africa and there have been over 20 outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa since 1976. The largest known outbreak of EVD occurred between 2013 and 2016 across several West African countries. It resulted in 28,646 suspected and confirmed cases and 11,323 deaths. There are 5 species within the genus Ebolavirus with 4 of them being clinically significant. In patients with EVD, neurologic manifestations range from mild symptoms such as confusion to severe neurologic diseases such as meningitis and encephalitis. Altered mental status, from mild confusion to delirium with hallucinations, may also occur. Rare neuropsychiatric manifestations of EVD include psychological or cognitive symptoms, including short-term memory loss, insomnia, and depression or anxiety. Although Ebolavirus RNA has been detected in cerebrospinal fluid, the body of knowledge around the pathogenic mechanisms of neurological disease is not yet fully understood. Studies are needed to understand the acute and chronic neuronal pathologic as well as biochemical cerebrospinal fluid changes in Ebolavirus infection.

中文翻译：

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埃博拉：回顾和关注神经系统表现

埃博拉病毒病 (EVD) 是人类和非人类灵长类动物中一种严重的、高度传染性的、通常是致命的全身性疾病。人畜共患病和人与人之间的传播已有详细记录。埃博拉病毒在赤道和西非流行，自 1976 年以来在撒哈拉以南非洲爆发了 20 多次。已知最大的埃博拉病毒病爆发发生在 2013 年至 2016 年间，发生在几个西非国家。它导致28,646例疑似和确诊病例以及11,323例死亡。埃博拉病毒属中有 5 种，其中 4 种具有临床意义。EVD 患者的神经系统表现范围从轻度症状（如意识模糊）到严重的神经系统疾病（如脑膜炎和脑炎）。也可能发生精神状态的改变，从轻度意识模糊到伴有幻觉的谵妄。EVD 的罕见神经精神表现包括心理或认知症状，包括短期记忆丧失、失眠、抑郁或焦虑。尽管已在脑脊液中检测到埃博拉病毒 RNA，但尚未完全了解有关神经系统疾病发病机制的知识体系。需要进行研究以了解埃博拉病毒感染的急性和慢性神经元病理以及生化脑脊液变化。