Invasive macroalgae represent one of the major threats to marine biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and structure, as well as being important drivers of ecosystem services depletion. Many such species have become well established along the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the lack of information about the distribution of the invaders and the factors determining their occurrence make bioinvasions a difficult issue to manage. Such information is key to enabling the design and implementation of effective management plans. The present study aimed to map the current probability of presence of six invasive macroalgae: Grateloupia turuturu, Asparagopsis armata, Colpomenia peregrina, Sargassum muticum, Undaria pinnatifida, and Codium fragile ssp. fragile. For this purpose, an extensive field survey was carried out along the coast of the north-western Iberian Peninsula. Species distribution models (SDMs) were then used to map the presence probability of these invasive species throughout the study region on the basis of environmental and anthropogenic predictor variables. The southern Galician rias were identified as the main hotspots of macroalgal invasion, with a high probability of occurrence for most of the species considered. Conversely, the probability of presence on the Portuguese coast was generally low. Physico-chemical variables were the most important factors for predicting the distribution of invasive macroalgae contributing between 57.27 and 85.24% to the ensemble models. However, anthropogenic factors (including size of vessels, number of shipping lines, distance from ports, population density, etc.) considerably improved the estimates of the probability of occurrence for most of the target species. This study is one of the few to include anthropogenic factors in SDMs for invasive macroalgae. The findings suggest that management actions aimed at controlling these species should strengthen control and surveillance at ports, particularly in southern Galician rias. Early detection should be of main concern for risk assessment plans on the Portuguese coast.

入侵性藻类是对海洋生物多样性，生态系统功能和结构的主要威胁之一，并且是生态系统服务枯竭的重要驱动力。在伊比利亚半岛的西海岸，许多这样的物种已经建立起来。但是，由于缺乏有关入侵者分布情况和决定其发生的因素的信息，使得生物入侵难以管理。此类信息对于设计和实施有效的管理计划至关重要。本研究的目的是映射6级侵入性巨藻的存在的当前概率：繁枝turuturu，Asparagopsis ARMATA，Colpomenia蝇，蒿子muticum，裙带菜，和刺松藻SSP。脆弱。为此，在西北伊比利亚半岛海岸进行了广泛的实地调查。然后，根据环境和人为预测变量，使用物种分布模型（SDM）绘制整个研究区域中这些入侵物种的存在概率图。南部加利西亚海域被确定为大型藻类入侵的主要热点地区，在考虑的大多数物种中都有很高的发生率。相反，在葡萄牙海岸存在的可能性通常较低。物理化学变量是预测侵入性大型藻类分布的最重要因素，占集合模型的比重在57.27％和85.24％之间。但是，人为因素（包括船只的尺寸，运输线的数量，与港口的距离，种群密度等）大大改善了大多数目标物种的发生概率估计。这项研究是在侵入性大藻类的SDM中包括人为因素的少数研究之一。研究结果表明，旨在控制这些物种的管理措施应加强对港口的控制和监视，尤其是在加利西亚南部地区。早期发现应该是葡萄牙海岸风险评估计划的主要关注点。特别是在加利西亚里亚斯南部。早期发现应该是葡萄牙海岸风险评估计划的主要关注点。特别是在加利西亚里亚斯南部。早期发现应该是葡萄牙海岸风险评估计划的主要关注点。