The paper presents an experimental investigation on the behavior of two identical large-scale masonry infill walls subjected to different shearing deformations resulting from lateral or vertical loading. The former produces a horizontal displacement field that simulates the behavior of the wall under earthquake excitation. The latter produces a vertical displacement field that simulates the case followed by loss of gravity support. Both scenarios were identified in past earthquakes. The experiments were conducted on similar infill walls with an aspect ratio of 1:1 made of hollow concrete blocks. The tests show fundamentally different behaviors in terms of the cracking patterns and load-bearing mechanisms. The orthotropic properties of the masonry infill wall significantly affect the load-displacement behavior, including the load resistance mechanism, the stiffness, and the unloading behavior. The major differences between the two cases call for caution in simulating the behaviour of infilled frame structures in the case of loss of a supporting column based on the accumulated knowledge on the behavior under lateral loading.

本文对两个相同的大型砌体填充墙的行为进行了实验研究，这些墙体承受了因横向或垂直荷载而产生的不同剪切变形。前者产生一个水平位移场，模拟地震激励下墙的行为。后者产生一个垂直位移场，该场模拟情况，随后失去重力支撑。这两种情况都是在过去的地震中发现的。实验是在由空心混凝土块制成的纵横比为1：1的相似填充墙上进行的。这些测试显示了在裂纹形式和承载机理方面的根本不同的行为。砌体填充墙的正交异性会显着影响荷载-位移行为，包括负载阻力机制，刚度和卸载行为。两种情况之间的主要区别在于，在基于横向荷载作用下的累积知识来模拟丢失支撑柱的情况下，在模拟填充框架结构的行为时需要谨慎。