We investigated the average polar patterns of ionospheric electron density and the corresponding patterns of scaling features as a function of interplanetary magnetic field orientation. The focus is on the Northern Hemisphere using electron density data recorded on-board ESA Swarm A satellite. The first- and second-order scaling exponents have been evaluated by means of the $q^{th}$-order structure functions. We used electron density measurements over a period of 15 months from April 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015, which corresponds to the maximum of solar cycle 24 and which is characterized by an average value of the solar radio flux (F10.7) index equal to $\left(140\pm 30\right)$ sfu. Electron density, first- and second-order scaling exponents have been mapped and discussed for four main IMF orientations provided by $B_y$ and $B_z$ components under conditions of high solar activity. Large spatial changes of the second-order scaling exponent pattern are observed with a steepening of the associated spectral exponent in correspondence with the nightside polar cap trailing edge. Intermittency, defined as the departure from linearity of the dependence of scaling exponents on moment order q, is also evaluated finding that it is generally higher near the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval than elsewhere. On the whole, the found patterns of the electron density first- and second-order scaling exponents suggest the occurrence of turbulence at the high latitudes.

我们研究了电离层电子密度的平均极性图和相应的尺度特征图，它们是行星际磁场方向的函数。重点是使用记录在ESA群A卫星上的电子密度数据在北半球。一阶和二阶缩放指数已通过$q^{ŤH}$阶结构函数。我们使用了从2014年4月1日到2015年6月30日的15个月内的电子密度测量值，这与太阳周期24的最大值相对应，其特征在于太阳辐射通量（F10.7）指数的平均值等于$（140\pm 30）$sfu。电子密度，一阶和二阶缩放指数已映射并讨论了由IMF提供的四个主要IMF方向${乙}_{ÿ}$ 和 ${乙}_{ž}$太阳活动高的条件下的组件。观察到二阶标度指数模式的较大空间变化，并且对应的光谱指数随着夜间极性极帽后缘的变陡而变大。还对间歇性进行了评估，发现间歇性定义为缩放指数对矩阶次q的依赖性的线性偏离，发现间歇性通常在极光椭圆的赤道边界附近比在其他地方更高。总体而言，发现的电子密度的一阶和二阶缩放指数模式表明在高纬度地区发生了湍流。