Harmful Algae Blooms (HAB) have been documented for at least fifty years in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), however, their impacts at social, ecological and economic levels are still little known. To contribute to the impact assessment of HABs in LAC region, the available information in HAEDAT, OBIS, CAREC, and CARPHA databases, and scientific literature was analyzed. This historical analysis allows identification of the main syndromes and causal organisms. Considering the existence of two regional working groups of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC): Algas Nocivas del Caribe (ANCA) and Floraciones Algales Nocivas en Sudamérica (FANSA), representing Central American/Caribbean and South American countries, respectively, the analysis is presented both globally and subregional. For the FANSA region, the HAEDAT data base listed 249 records from 1970 to 2019, with a total of 1432 human intoxications, including 37 fatalities. The majority of these events comprised Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (49%), Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (34%), Cyanotoxins (12%) and 6 % other toxins. The total number of harmful taxa in the OBIS database includes 79 species distributed over 25 genera. The most commonly reported species are Alexandrium catenella/tamarense, Gymnodinium catenatum and the Dinophysis acuminata complex. Two new species Prorocentrum caipirignum Fraga, Menezes and Nascimento and Alexandrium fragae Branco and Menezes were newly described from Brazilian waters. In the ANCA region, HAEDAT listed 131 records from 1956 to 2018. The main problems are PSP and Ciguatera and common HAB taxa are Gambierdiscus, Gymnodinium, Pyrodinium, Alexandrium and Dinophysis. The most reported HAB forming species are Gymnodinium catenatum, Pyrodinium bahamense and Gambierdiscus spp. In recent years Margalefidinium polykrikoides blooms have become frequent, causing fish and invertebrates massive mortalities and impacts on touristic activities. In the LAC region, the greatest economic losses were produced by ichthyotoxic massive events causing salmon deaths associated to Pseudochattonella verruculosa and Alexandrium catenella in Chile and tuna deaths related to Tripos furca and Chattonella spp. in the Mexican Pacific. In the last decade, several studies in LAC have linked HAB events with local mesoscale oceanographic and atmospheric phenomena. Trends analyzed up to 2019 are related to the increasing awareness about presence of toxic species, the geographical expansion of already known species, the detection of new toxins for the region, and HAB events duration and/or impacts.

在拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区（LAC）至少已有50年记录了有害藻类繁殖物（HAB），但其在社会，生态和经济层面的影响仍然鲜为人知。为了有助于对LAC地区HAB的影响进行评估，分析了HAEDAT，OBIS，CAREC和CARPHA数据库以及科学文献中的可用信息。这项历史分析可以确定主要的综合征和病因生物。考虑到政府间海洋学委员会（IOC）的两个区域工作组的存在：阿尔加斯·诺西瓦斯·德尔·卡里贝（Algas Nocivas del Caribe）（ANCA）和Floraciones Algales Nocivas enSudamérica（FANSA），分别代表中美洲/加勒比和南美国家全球和次区域。对于FANSA地区，HAEDAT数据库列出了1970年至2019年的249条记录，共发生1432人中毒，其中37人死亡。这些事件大多数包括麻痹性贝类毒素（49％），腹泻性贝类毒素（34％），氰基毒素（12％）和6％其他毒素。OBIS数据库中的有害分类单元总数包括分布在25个属中的79种。最常报告的物种是亚历山大链/塔马兰芝，裸子草和Dinophysis acuminata复合物。从巴西水域新发现了两个新种Prorocentrum caipirignum Fraga，Menezes和Nascimento和Alexandrium fragae Branco和Menezes。在ANCA区域，HAEDAT上市的1956年131个记录，以2018年的主要问题是PSP和西加共同HAB类群是Gambierdiscus，裸甲藻，Pyrodinium，亚历山大和鳍藻。报道最多的形成HAB的物种是裸子草，巴哈热霉和Gambierdiscus spp。近年来，Margalefidinium polykrikoides花开变得频繁，导致鱼类和无脊椎动物大量死亡，并影响旅游活动。在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区，由导致相关的鲑鱼死亡ichthyotoxic大规模事件产生的经济损失最大Pseudochattonella verruculosa和链状亚历山大藻与智利和金枪鱼的死亡荣誉学位furca和卡盾spp。在墨西哥太平洋。在过去十年中，LAC的多项研究已将HAB事件与当地中尺度海洋学和大气现象联系起来。截至2019年的趋势分析与对有毒物种的存在，已知物种的地理范围扩大，对该地区新毒素的检测以及HAB事件持续时间和/或影响的认识不断提高有关。