Applied Energy ( IF 11.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116343 Md Mustafizur Rahman , Abayomi Olufemi Oni , Eskinder Gemechu , Amit Kumar
The decision to use a certain type of energy storage system for a stationary application depends largely on its economic performance. The electro-chemical energy storage systems are well known for transportation and portable applications. The evaluation of techno-economic feasibility of different electro-chemical energy storage systems for utility-scale stationary applications has received less attention. In this study, bottom-up techno-economic models were developed for five electro-chemical battery storage technologies: sodium-sulfur, lithium-ion, valve-regulated lead-acid, nickel–cadmium, and vanadium redox flow. Four stationary application scenarios – bulk energy storage, transmission and distribution investment deferral, frequency regulation, and support of voltage regulation – were assessed to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility. Life cycle costs were estimated for capacities of 5–100 MW for bulk energy storage, 5–25 MW for transmission and distribution investment deferral, 5–100 MW for frequency regulation, and 5–30 MW for support of voltage regulation. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were carried out to examine the extent to which the levelized cost of storage is affected by changes in input parameters. The base case results show that the levelized cost of storage are in the range of $199–$941/MWh for the sodium-sulfur, $180–$1032/MWh for the lithium-ion, $410–$1184/MWh for the valve-regulated lead-acid, $802–$1991/MWh for the nickel–cadmium, and $267–$3794/MWh for the vanadium redox flow, depending on the application scenario. The results also show that when the discharge duration increases, the levelized cost of storage decreases because of economies of scale. A vanadium redox flow battery is not economically suitable for frequency regulation and support of voltage regulation given its short discharge duration.
中文翻译:
评估公用事业规模的电化学电池存储系统的技术经济模型的开发
将某种类型的能量存储系统用于固定应用的决定很大程度上取决于其经济性能。电化学能量存储系统在运输和便携式应用中是众所周知的。对于公用事业规模的固定式应用,不同的电化学储能系统的技术经济可行性评估受到了较少的关注。在这项研究中,针对五种电化学电池存储技术开发了自下而上的技术经济模型:钠硫,锂离子,阀控铅酸,镍镉和钒氧化还原流量。评估了四个固定的应用场景-大容量储能,传输和分配投资的延期,频率调节以及电压调节的支持-以评估技术经济可行性。估计生命周期成本的容量为:大容量储能5-100 MW,延期输配电投资5-25 MW,频率调节5-100 MW,支持电压调节5-30 MW。进行了敏感性和不确定性分析,以检验输入参数的变化在多大程度上影响了平均存储成本。基本案例结果显示,钠硫的平均存储成本在199- $ 941 / MWh的范围内,锂离子的平均存储成本在$ 180- $ 1032 / MWh的范围内,阀调节铅的存储在410- $ 1184 / MWh的范围内。酸,镍镉流量为$ 802– $ 1991 / MWh,钒氧化还原流量为$ 267– $ 3794 / MWh,具体取决于应用方案。结果还表明,当放电持续时间增加时,由于规模经济,平准化的存储成本会降低。