This article identifies homogeneous precipitation regions in Ecuador and their relationship to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), using monthly records from 215 rain stations for the 1968–2014 period. A k-means clustering analysis was used to divide the study area into k regions based on monthly and annual precipitation variables and geographic location (latitude, longitude, and altitude). The robustness of each cluster was evaluated using the “silhouette” coefficient. The groupings were then validated using the regional vector method (RVM). Twenty-two regions of homogeneous precipitation were identified. Seven regions are related to regional climate processes on the Pacific coast (unimodal precipitation). Two regions in the western foothills of the Andes show significant orographic rainfall. Eight regions in the inter-Andean region present a bimodal precipitation regime characterized by a reduction of precipitation from north to south and local variability. Five regions were identified in the Amazon area: three on the outer flanks of the eastern mountain range, one sub-Andean area, and one in the Amazon plain with regular rainfall throughout the year, influenced by the Amazon basin. Although Tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) is strongly related to precipitation in the coastal regions of Ecuador, our findings indicate that SST influence varies among the regions of the country because Ecuador is influenced by the modes of precipitation variability in Colombia and Peru.

本文使用1968-2014年期间215个雨水站的月度记录，确定厄瓜多尔的均匀降水区及其与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）的关系。使用k均值聚类分析将研究区域划分为k基于每月和每年降水量变量和地理位置（纬度，经度和海拔）的区域。使用“轮廓”系数评估每个群集的鲁棒性。然后使用区域向量法（RVM）验证分组。确定了22个均匀降水区。七个地区与太平洋沿岸的区域气候过程（单峰降水）有关。安第斯山脉西部山麓的两个地区显示有明显的地形降雨。安第斯山脉间地区的八个地区呈现出双峰型降水模式，其特征是从北向南降水减少和局部变化。在亚马孙地区确定了五个地区：东部山脉外围的三个地区，安第斯山脉次区域，受亚马逊河流域影响，亚马逊平原全年降雨稳定。尽管热带太平洋海表温度（SST）与厄瓜多尔沿海地区的降水密切相关，但我们的发现表明，由于厄瓜多尔受哥伦比亚和秘鲁降水变化方式的影响，SST的影响在该国各地区之间有所不同。