This study aims to compare the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and its related cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17), in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), non-inflammatory chronic polyneuropathy, and functional neurological disorders. The results showed elevated NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 levels in serum but not in CSF of CIDP, compared to the other groups. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between NLRP3 inflammasome level and each cytokine. We also found a positive correlation between serum NLRP3 inflammasome level and disease severity in CIDP patients. Taken together, these results suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome could act as a potential biomarker to diagnose CIDP and assess the severity of the disease.

本研究旨在比较慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病（CIDP）患者血清和脑脊液（CSF）中NLRP3炎性体及其相关细胞因子（IL-1β、IL-6和IL-17）的水平，非炎症性慢性多发性神经病和功能性神经系统疾病。结果显示，与其他组相比，CIDP 的血清中 NLRP3 炎性体、IL-1β、IL-6 和 IL-17 水平升高，但在脑脊液中没有升高。此外，NLRP3炎症小体水平与各细胞因子呈正相关。我们还发现 CIDP 患者的血清 NLRP3 炎症小体水平与疾病严重程度呈正相关。总之，这些结果表明 NLRP3 炎性体可以作为诊断 CIDP 和评估疾病严重程度的潜在生物标志物。