Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee is a key pest of brinjal and a major constraint to its production in the Indian subcontinent. The influence of constant as well as alternating temperatures on the development and survival of the pest is not known. Also, no information is available on the thermal constant, development thresholds, and phenology for the insect. So, the development and survival of Leucinodes orbonalis were studied under laboratory conditions at five constant (15 ± 1, 20 ± 1, 25 ± 1, 30 ± 1 and 35 ± 1 °C) and six alternating temperatures (25:15, 30:15, 35:15, 25:20, 30:20 and 35:20 °C) with 70 ± 5% R.H. and photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. Under the alternating temperature regimes, maximum and minimum temperatures were maintained in a cycle of 14 and 10 h, respectively. Transition from maximum to minimum temperature followed square waveform and was complete within 10 min. The rate of development of the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages accelerated with increases in the levels of temperature. Survival of BSFB was highest at intermediate temperature levels (25-30 °C), and it started declining outside this range. The favourable range of constant temperature for the development from egg to adult stage was 20 ± 1–35 ± 1 °C, while all six alternating temperatures were conducive for complete development of the pest. The thermal constant (K) and lower developmental threshold (T min ) determined from a linear regression analysis for the total development period were 435.39–530.66 DD and 5.69–14.63 °C, respectively. The non-linear models did not fit the data obtained from constant temperature studies, as they overestimated the temperature threshold for the pest. In the case of alternating temperatures, T min , T opt, and T max for the different developmental stages were in the range of 6.87–10.47 °C, 30.3–30.4 °C, and 41.96–42.31 °C, under Briere-1, Briere-2 and Kontodimas models. Our results provide a framework for forecasting the pest incidence in the field, thus helping in modulating management schedules and techniques to target the weak link in the life cycle of the pest.

中文翻译：

---

在恒定和交替温度下茄子芽和果螟Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee（海蟹科：鳞翅目）的发育和存活

茄子芽螟(BSFB) Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee 是茄子的主要害虫，也是其在印度次大陆生产的主要制约因素。恒定和交替温度对害虫的发育和存活的影响尚不清楚。此外，也没有关于昆虫的热常数、发育阈值和物候学的信息。因此，在实验室条件下，在五个恒定温度（15±1、20±1、25±1、30±1 和 35±1°C）和六个交替温度（25:15、30 :15、35:15、25:20、30:20 和 35:20 °C)，70 ± 5% RH，光周期为 14:10 (L:D) h。在交替温度制度下，最高和最低温度分别保持在 14 和 10 小时的循环中。从最高温度到最低温度的转变遵循方波并在 10 分钟内完成。随着温度水平的升高，卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫阶段的发育速度加快。BSFB 的存活率在中等温度水平 (25-30 °C) 时最高，并且在此范围之外开始下降。从卵到成虫发育的有利恒温范围为20±1-35±1℃，而6个交替温度均有利于害虫的完全发育。从总发育期的线性回归分析确定的热常数 (K) 和下发育阈值 (T min ) 分别为 435.39–530.66 DD 和 5.69–14.63 °C。非线性模型不适合从恒温研究中获得的数据，因为他们高估了害虫的温度阈值。在交替温度的情况下，不同发育阶段的 T min 、T opt 和 T max 在 Briere-1 下的范围内为 6.87–10.47 °C、30.3–30.4 °C 和 41.96–42.31 °C， Briere-2 和 Kontodimas 模型。我们的结果为预测田间害虫发生率提供了一个框架，从而有助于调整管理计划和技术，以针对害虫生命周期中的薄弱环节。