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Long-term monitoring of activities of badgers ( Meles meles L.) in a broadleaved forest in France
European Journal of Wildlife Research ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-01447-1
Lebourgeois François

European badgers’ behaviors have been studied over a 6-year period (2013–2018) using camera traps settled in a main sett (400 m2; 17 holes) in an oak forest, northeastern France. I analyzed group’s size, grooming, digging, bedding collecting, mating, and the emergence and return times. The burrow was inhabited by 2.8 (± 1.2) badgers. I observed between 2 and 4 new cubs each year in 5 out of 6 years, with a first emergence in mid-April. Grooming was frequent after emergence at dusk and lasted around 10 min (more frequent grooming in April after the births). Bedding collecting was a major activity in February and March during dry nights (mean duration of around 20 min) for years with births. Digging occurred only in winter 2015 and spring 2016, mainly at dusk (mean: 23 min, 2 to 90 min). Mating occurred mainly in January and February with short (< 10 min) and long (> 60 min) duration of copulation. Emergences occurred mainly between 19 and 21 h and returns between 5 and 7 h. For spring and summer, badgers emerged between 30 and 60 min before sunset but 2 h or more after sunset in autumn and winter. Returns occurred before sunrise in the middle of the night (1 h in spring and summer and 2 h or more in autumn and winter). In autumn and winter, warm nights hastened emergences time (i.e., maximum temperature higher than 10 °C) and frost nights hastened returns (i.e., minimum temperature below 0 °C).



中文翻译:

长期监测法国阔叶林of(Meles meles L.)的活动

对欧洲period的行为进行了为期6年(2013-2018年)的研究,方法是使用设在主场(400 m 2; 17洞)位于法国东北部的橡树林中。我分析了组的大小,修饰,挖掘,床上用品收集,交配以及出现和返回时间。该洞穴居住着2.8(±1.2)rs。我在6年中的5年中每年观察到2至4只新的幼崽,并于4月中旬首次出现。黄昏出现后,梳理很频繁,持续约10分钟(分娩后的4月更频繁地梳理)。在2月和3月的干燥夜晚(平均持续时间为20分钟左右)中,有婴儿出生的岁月是一项重要活动。仅在2015年冬季和2016年春季开挖,主要是在黄昏(平均:23分钟,2至90分钟)。交配主要发生在1月和2月,交配时间短(<10分钟)和长(> 60分钟)。出现主要发生在19到21小时之间,返回发生在5到7小时之间。在春季和夏季,badge在日落前30至60分钟之间出现,但在秋季和冬季日落后2小时或更长时间出现。返回值发生在半夜的日出之前(春季和夏季为1小时,秋季和冬季为2小时或更长时间)。在秋季和冬季,温暖的夜晚会加快出土时间(即,最高温度高于10°C),而霜冻的夜晚会加快出土时间(即,最低温度低于0°C)。

更新日期:2021-01-07
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