G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of plasma membrane receptors in nature and mediate the effects of a variety of extracellular signals, such as hormone, neurotransmitter, odor, and light signals. Due to their involvement in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes and their accessibility, GPCRs are widely used as pharmacological targets of treatment. Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (oGPCRs) are GPCRs for which no natural ligands have been found, and they not only play important roles in various physiological functions, such as sensory perception, reproduction, development, growth, metabolism, and responsiveness, but are also closely related to many major diseases, such as central nervous system (CNS) diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Recently, many studies have reported that oGPCRs play increasingly important roles as key factors in the occurrence and progression of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, oGPCRs are likely to become potential therapeutic targets and may provide a breakthrough in the study of autoimmune diseases. In this article, we focus on reviewing the recent research progress and clinical treatment effects of oGPCRs in three common autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), shedding light on novel strategies for treatments.

G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 构成自然界中最大的质膜受体家族，并介导各种细胞外信号的影响，如激素、神经递质、气味和光信号。由于它们参与广泛的生理和病理过程及其可及性，GPCR 被广泛用作治疗的药理学目标。孤儿 G 蛋白偶联受体 (oGPCRs) 是尚未发现天然配体的 GPCRs，它们不仅在各种生理功能中发挥重要作用，如感觉、繁殖、发育、生长、代谢和反应，而且还与许多重大疾病密切相关，如中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病、代谢疾病和癌症。最近，许多研究报道，oGPCRs作为自身免疫性疾病发生和发展的关键因素发挥着越来越重要的作用。因此，oGPCRs 有可能成为潜在的治疗靶点，并可能为自身免疫性疾病的研究提供突破口。在本文中，我们重点回顾了 oGPCRs 在三种常见自身免疫性疾病：多发性硬化症 (MS)、类风湿性关节炎 (RA) 和系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE) 中的最新研究进展和临床治疗效果，阐明了治疗的新策略。治疗。