Refugees can be formed as “subjects” as they navigate forced displacement in countries that are not their own. In particular, everyday life as the politicized Other, and as humanitarianism’s depoliticized beneficiary, can constitute them as political subjects. Understanding these produced subjects and subjectivities leads us to conceive of forced displacement – or “refugeedom” – as a human condition or experience of political (sub)alterity, within which inhere distinctive subjectivations and subjectivities. Drawing on fieldwork in Beirut, Lebanon, we use young Syrian and Iraqi refugees’ experiences with everyday racism, violent bullying and racialized discrimination as heuristic lenses with which to see displacement’s political subjects and subjectivities. We argue that the young refugees emerge as both political and moral subjects through core and defining struggles within – and against – these politicizing constraints. We interpret their struggles as ambivalently and dynamically situated within humanitarianism’s and racism’s subjections and subjectivities. Yet we also found that occasionally the young refugees could eclipse these produced subjectivities to claim repoliticized subjecthoods distinct from those of humanitarianism and outside displacement’s normal politics. We interpret these in Rancièrian terms as “political subjectivation.” Abstracting our findings, we offer a simple theoretical architecture of refugeedom’s subjectivations, subjects, and subjectivities as comprising humanitarianism’s rights-bearing or juridical subject; the vulnerable and resilient, innocent and suffering subject; and the Othered or racialized subject, formed through the exclusions of displacement’s politicized spaces. But we also conceive refugeedom as a space of values, and so the ground on which moral meaning and significance attach to agency and subjectivity.

中文翻译：

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理论化难民：成为贝鲁特的年轻政治主体

难民可以成为“主体”，因为他们在不属于自己的国家中被迫流离失所。特别是，日常生活作为政治化的他者，作为人道主义的非政治化受益者，可以将他们构成为政治主体。理解这些产生的主体和主体性使我们将被迫流离失所——或“难民”——设想为一种人类条件或政治（次）改变的体验，其中固有的独特的主体化和主体性。借鉴在黎巴嫩贝鲁特的田野调查，我们使用年轻的叙利亚和伊拉克难民在日常种族主义、暴力欺凌和种族歧视方面的经历，作为启发式镜头来观察流离失所的政治主题和主观性。我们认为，年轻的难民通过核心和明确的斗争成为政治和道德主体，并在这些政治化约束内进行——和反对——。我们将他们的斗争解释为在人道主义和种族主义的服从和主观性中矛盾而动态地定位。然而，我们也发现，年轻的难民偶尔会超越这些产生的主观性，以声称与人道主义和流离失所的正常政治不同的重新政治化的主体性。我们用朗西埃的术语将这些解释为“政治主观化”。对我们的发现进行抽象，我们提供了一个简单的关于难民的主体化、主体和主体性的理论架构，作为人道主义的权利承载或法律主体；脆弱而有韧性、无辜而受苦的主体；和异化或种族化的主体，通过排除流离失所的政治化空间而形成。但我们也将难民国视为一个价值空间，因此是道德意义和重要性依附于能动性和主观性的基础。