This article develops a conceptual framework to theorize the processes of mutual penetration between civil society, the state, and the economy, where incumbents and challengers continuously formulate new strategies against each other. We criticize the prevailing Weberian and Tocquevillian concepts of civil society, and then, drawing on research in social movements and comparative political economy, propose a new framework: the politics of forward and backward infiltration. Under each form of infiltration, we delineate three submodes: the politics of influence, the politics of substitution, and the politics of occupation, which correspond to strategies for discursive influence, functional replacement, and institutional takeover, respectively. We challenge the exclusive focus on the politics of influence as inadequate for analyzing these processes, while highlighting the other two modes as necessary additions. Finally, we elucidate the implications of our theory of forward and backward infiltration for the study of civil society and participatory democracy more generally.

中文翻译：

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走向动态的公民社会理论：向前和向后渗透的政治

本文建立了一个概念框架，以理论化民间社会，国家和经济之间的相互渗透过程，在位者和挑战者不断在彼此之间制定新的战略。我们批评民间社会盛行的韦伯式和托克维尔式的概念，然后利用对社会运动和比较政治经济学的研究，提出一个新的框架：向前和向后渗透的政治。在每种渗透形式下，我们描绘了三种子模式：影响政治，替代政治和占领政治，这三种子模式分别对应于话语影响策略，职能替代策略和机构接管策略。我们质疑对影响政治的独家关注，因为不足以分析这些过程，同时突出显示其他两种模式作为必要的补充。最后，我们阐明了向前和向后渗透理论对更广泛地研究民间社会和参与式民主的意义。