Abstract The development policy landscape has, in recent years, been dominated by four types of interventions: (1) infrastructure expansion and development; (2) the attraction of inward investment; (3) the promotion of innovation and development of human capital; (4) the cultivation of agglomeration and physical co-location. This paper engages with these four broad policy types with a view to, first, assess and comment on the utility of these approaches in different development contexts, and, second, provide an indication of what has worked and what has not worked in the design and implementation of these strategic actions. It relies on a review of a handful of ‘strategies of gain’ and ‘strategies of waste’ to ascertain insights into the steps that should be taken to maximise the likelihood that territorial development policies – irrespective of the development axis towards which they are oriented – fulfil their potential and contribute to the reduction of the territorial disparities in developed and developing contexts alike. The lessons drawn from this review are four-fold: i) development strategies composed of multiple related and mutually-reinforcing actions and interventions across development areas deliver better results; ii) strategic approaches to the promotion of economic growth that are solidly grounded in robust diagnoses are generally more successful; iii) the awareness of where exactly the territory is situated on the development spectrum is crucial; and iv) the institutional dimension cannot be left un-addressed in the design and implementation of policy interventions. These lessons are supplemented by a general framework relating to how territorial approaches to development should be designed for areas at different points in their development trajectories.

中文翻译：

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获取策略和浪费策略：什么决定了发展干预的成功？

摘要 近年来，发展政策格局主要由四种干预措施主导：（1）基础设施扩张和发展；（二）吸引外资；（三）促进人力资本创新发展；(4)培育集聚与物理共处。本文涉及这四种广泛的政策类型，以期首先评估和评论这些方法在不同发展背景下的效用，其次，说明在设计和实施这些战略行动。它依赖于对少数“收益战略”和“浪费战略”的审查，以确定应采取哪些步骤以最大限度地提高领土发展政策的可能性——无论它们面向的发展轴——发挥其潜力，并为缩小发达和发展中环境中的领土差距做出贡献。从这次审查中汲取的教训有四方面：i) 由跨发展领域的多种相关和相互加强的行动和干预措施组成的发展战略产生了更好的结果；ii) 以强有力的诊断为坚实基础的促进经济增长的战略方法通常更成功；iii) 了解领土在发展范围内的确切位置至关重要；iv) 在政策干预的设计和实施过程中不能忽视制度层面。这些经验教训得到了一个总体框架的补充，该框架涉及如何为处于发展轨迹不同点的地区设计地域性发展方法。