Since its appearance in 1879–1880, Juan Moreira has been read as an illiberal novel, casting its eponymous hero (the historical bodyguard and electoral henchman of the same name) as a metaphor for the plight of variously-defined subalterns in liberal and neoliberal Argentina, and a condemnation of the social order they brought about. Contrary to that assumption, and reading the novel in its original context (the newspaper La Patria Argentina, in the months leading up to the Buenos Aires rebellion that would settle the fate of Buenos Aires, and end the cycle of civil wars in Argentina), the article argues that Moreira should be read as an strictly liberal novel, inventing a version of the gaucho not as a premodern barbarian (i.e. Sarmiento’s version) but as the embodiment of a modern liberal notion of subject (and citizen, even citizen-in-arms), produced by a functional market economy and a modernizing state, whose descent into criminality is a consequence and a cautionary tale not of the evils of the liberal order, but of what for Gutiérrez was the illiberal (at the same time conservative and barbaric) embodied in his political opponents presidents Nicolás Avellaneda and Julio Argentino Roca.

中文翻译：

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胡安·莫雷拉：浪漫的亡命之徒，自由英雄

自 1879 年至 1880 年出现以来，胡安·莫雷拉 (Juan Moreira) 一直被解读为一部不自由的小说，将其同名英雄（历史上的保镖和同名选举追随者）比喻为对自由主义和新自由主义阿根廷中不同定义的下属的困境的隐喻，以及对他们带来的社会秩序的谴责。与这种假设相反，并在其原始上下文中阅读小说（《阿根廷爱国者报》，在布宜诺斯艾利斯叛乱前几个月，这将解决布宜诺斯艾利斯的命运，并结束阿根廷内战的循环），这篇文章认为，莫雷拉应该被视为一部严格的自由主义小说，它发明了一个版本的高乔人，而不是作为一个前现代的野蛮人（即萨米恩托的版本），而是作为现代自由主义主体（和公民，甚至公民）概念的体现。武器），