The Hajj is an Islamic pilgrimage that involves four main holy sites in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. As the number of participants (pilgrims) attending these events has been increasing over the years, challenges have arisen: overcrowding at the sites resulting in congestion, pilgrims getting lost, stampedes, injuries and even deaths. Although Hajj management authorities have employed up-to-date facilities to manage the events (e.g., state-of-the-art infrastructure and communication technologies, CCTV monitoring, live crowd analysis, time scheduling, and large well-trained police forces and scouts), there is still overcrowding and “unexpected†problems that can occur at the events. These problems can be studied and mitigated by prior simulation, which allows for preparation and deployment of the most appropriate plans for crowd management at Hajj events. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of crowd modelling and simulation studies referring to Hajj.

中文翻译：

---

群众聚会活动中的人群建模与仿真研究：以朝j为例

朝j是伊斯兰朝圣，涉及沙特阿拉伯麦加的四个主要圣地。多年来，随着参加这些活动的参与者（朝圣者）的数量不断增加，出现了挑战：人满为患，导致交通拥挤，朝圣者迷路，踩踏，受伤甚至死亡。尽管朝j管理当局采用了最新的设施来管理事件（例如，最新的基础设施和通信技术，闭路电视监控，现场人群分析，时间安排以及训练有素的大型警察部队和侦察员），事件中仍然可能出现人满为患和“意外”的问题。这些问题可以通过先前的模拟研究和缓解，可以在朝j活动中准备和部署最合适的人群管理计划。本文介绍了针对朝Ha的人群建模和仿真研究的全面概述。