Communities that have used common-pool resources (CPRs) for generations often preserve a valuable ‘institutional memory’. It can be understood as a subset of local knowledge concerning strategies, norms, and rules used by the community to deal with CPR problems (e.g. overexploitation) in different time periods. Scholars have argued that institutional memory is useful in two aspects of CPR governance: as focal point to encourage users to sustain and to undertake collective action, and as support knowledge to design new policies. However, institutional memory is constrained by personal and social memories, and therefore it must be considered not as fully cumulative but subject to a steady process of adjustment according to experience. When communities have recorded their regulations in writing, e.g. in village bylaws, it is possible to undertake a learning process to recover and take advantage of their institutional memory. One way is to carry out participatory workshops to compare the historical and present-day bylaws of the community. However, the comparison of these sources is not an easy task, because, on the one hand, they constitute a large body of rules and, on the other, they have been designed using different epistemologies (e.g. concrete vs. abstract) and linguistic forms (e.g. early modern vs. contemporary grammars). In this paper we use an approach based on the institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework to compare the historical and present-day bylaws of a community located in Cantabria (Spain). The utility of the IAD framework is verified. It enables one not only to undertake a systematic comparison of the bylaws, but also to easily display the results in participatory workshops. The use of the archive as a source of local information to enhance users’ knowledge is an uncommon procedure among CPR scholars and practitioners, and therefore we dedicate a specific section of the paper to discussing this utility.

中文翻译：

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走向综合历史来治理公地：使用档案馆来增强本地知识

几代人使用公共池资源（CPR）的社区通常会保留宝贵的“机构记忆”。可以将其理解为有关社区在不同时期内处理CPR问题（例如过度开发）所使用的策略，规范和规则的本地知识的子集。学者认为，机构记忆在心肺复苏的两个方面很有用：作为鼓励用户维持和采取集体行动的重点，以及作为设计新政策的支持知识。但是，机构记忆受个人和社会记忆的约束，因此，必须将其视为不是完全累积的，而应根据经验进行稳定的调整。当社区以书面形式记录其法规时，例如在乡村法规中，有可能进行学习过程以恢复和利用他们的机构记忆。一种方法是举办参与式研讨会，以比较社区的历史和当今的章程。但是，对这些来源进行比较并不是一件容易的事，因为，一方面，它们构成了大量规则，另一方面，它们是使用不同的认识论（例如，具体的与抽象的）和语言形式进行设计的。 （例如，早期现代与当代语法）。在本文中，我们使用一种基于制度分析和发展（IAD）框架的方法来比较位于西班牙坎塔布里亚（Cantabria）（西班牙）的一个社区的历史和当今的章程。验证了IAD框架的实用性。它不仅使人们能够对章程进行系统的比较，而且还可以轻松地在参与式研讨会中展示结果。在CPR学者和从业者中，使用存档作为本地信息源来增强用户的知识是不常见的过程，因此，我们在本文的特定章节中专门讨论该实用程序。