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Governing the yarshagumba ‘gold rush’: A comparative study of governance systems in the Kailash Landscape in India and Nepal
International Journal of the Commons ( IF 2.646 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-17 , DOI: 10.18352/ijc.884
Corinna Wallrapp , Markus Keck , Heiko Faust

Under present conditions of economic globalization, social-ecological systems undergo rapid changes. In this context, internal and external forces put heavy pressure on the governance systems of commons to adapt effectively. While institutional learning has been identified as a key element for the adaptive governance of social-ecological systems, there is still limited knowledge of what roles communities and governmental actors play in these processes. In this study, we take the case of yarshagumba (English: caterpillar fungus), a formerly non-valued product in the Himalayas, which has recently been transformed into a highly valuable resource within a short time. We compare the governance systems in collection sites in the Kailash Landscape in India and Nepalby using an analytical framework developed by Pahl-Wostl (2009). Our findings show that in these remote mountain areas, communities and community-led organizations are highly flexible in responding to immediate resource value changes by establishing communal management arrangements. At the same time, however, communities have difficulties to enforce their newly developed informal and formal arrangements. During the process of learning the link between the amendment of arrangements on community-level and the revision of formal policies and frames at the state or national level is only partly established. Against this background, we argue that in the context of rapid change, adaptive governance requires the concerted interaction of actors at the local and the national levels in order to enable the sustainable use of common pool natural resources.

中文翻译:

治理yarshagumba的“淘金热”:印度和尼泊尔Kailash风景区治理系统的比较研究

在当前经济全球化的条件下,社会生态系统正在发生快速变化。在这种情况下,内部和外部力量对公地的治理系统施加了巨大压力,要求其有效地适应。尽管机构学习已被确定为社会生态系统适应性治理的关键要素,但对于社区和政府角色在这些过程中所扮演的角色仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们以yarshagumba(英语:毛毛虫真菌)为例,这是喜马拉雅山以前不值钱的产品,最近已在短时间内转变为极有价值的资源。通过使用Pahl-Wostl(2009)开发的分析框架,我们比较了印度和尼泊尔凯拉什(Kailash)景观中收集点的治理系统。我们的研究结果表明,在这些偏远山区,社区和社区主导的组织通过建立公共管理安排来灵活地应对即时的资源价值变化。但是,与此同时,社区在执行其新制定的非正式和正式安排方面遇到困难。在学习过程中,仅部分地建立了修订社区一级的安排与修订州或国家一级的正式政策和框架之间的联系。在这种背景下,我们认为,在快速变化的背景下,适应性治理需要地方和国家两级的行为者协调一致的互动,以便能够可持续利用共同的自然资源。社区和社区领导的组织通过建立公共管理安排来灵活地应对即时的资源价值变化。但是,与此同时,社区在执行其新制定的非正式和正式安排方面遇到困难。在学习过程中,仅部分地建立了修订社区一级的安排与修订州或国家一级的正式政策和框架之间的联系。在这种背景下,我们认为,在快速变化的背景下,适应性治理需要地方和国家两级的行为者协调一致的互动,以便能够可持续利用共同的自然资源。社区和社区主导的组织通过建立公共管理安排来灵活地应对即时的资源价值变化。但是,与此同时,社区在执行其新制定的非正式和正式安排方面遇到困难。在学习过程中,仅部分地建立了修订社区一级的安排与修订州或国家一级的正式政策和框架之间的联系。在这种背景下,我们认为,在快速变化的背景下,适应性治理需要地方和国家两级的行为者协调一致的互动,以便能够可持续利用共同的自然资源。
更新日期:2019-04-17
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