The first encounters between Nahuas and Spaniards from 1519 to 1521 resulted in widespread deaths in the indigenous communities of central Mexico. Although the first recorded disease epidemic is often acknowledged as a factor in the loss of rule to the invaders, Moteuczoma receives much of the blame. Historians contend that Moteuczoma’s cowardice facilitated the defeat of his people. Instead, this article argues that descriptions of the pain and fright that afflicted Moteuczoma and his people in Book XII of the Florentine Codex are references to long-standing cultural concepts of illness. This article uses colonial and modern ethnographic sources to illuminate enduring Mesoamerican concepts of health and sickness. The chaos and loss of life connected to the first epidemic in 1520 contributed significantly to the fall of Tenochtitlan. This article reveals how Nahuas remembered and understood the startling arrival of the Spaniards and the first terrifying disease epidemic during the invasion.

中文翻译：

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“仿佛他的心死了”：重新解读佛罗伦萨手抄本征服史中的Moteuczoma的懦弱

从 1519 年到 1521 年，纳瓦人和西班牙人之间的第一次相遇导致墨西哥中部土著社区的广泛死亡。尽管第一次有记录的疾病流行通常被认为是入侵者失去统治的一个因素，但 Moteuczoma 受到了很大的指责。历史学家争辩说，Moteuczoma 的懦弱助长了他的人民的失败。相反，这篇文章认为，佛罗伦萨法典第十二卷中对莫特佐马和他的人民的痛苦和恐惧的描述是对长期存在的疾病文化概念的引用。本文使用殖民时代和现代民族志资料来阐明中美洲经久不衰的健康和疾病概念。与 1520 年第一次流行病有关的混乱和生命损失对特诺奇蒂特兰的陷落做出了重大贡献。