Background: A body of evidence suggests that vaccines support the development of the immune system and also improve overall health. Objective: To study the effect of the complete basic vaccination schedule (Bacille Calmette-Guerin, i.e., BCG; measles; polio 3; and Diphtheria, Tetanus toxoids, and Pertussis, i.e., DTP3) on nutritional status of children under 2 years of age. Methods: Recent DHS data from 16 countries conducted after 2013 were used. After a bivariate descriptive analysis, a logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict the likelihood of underweight, stunting, and wasting by immunization status. A combined odds ratio was computed and adjusted for background variables. Results: A significantly higher prevalence of underweight was found among children with incomplete vaccination schedules in seven countries. Similarly, wasting and stunting were frequently observed in under-vaccinated children in four countries. Moreover, logistic regression adjusted for background variables revealed a relation between incomplete vaccination and underweight in Angola, Chad, and Guatemala (95% CI lower bound > 1). Combining data of all countries, underweight (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11‒1.31), wasting (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05‒1.33), and stunting (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00‒1.14) were associated with poor vaccination status. The overall effect was consistent with both sexes except the results for wasting for females and stunting for males, though insignificant. Contribution: To our knowledge, this is the first paper assessing the relation between vaccination and nutritional status at a multi-country level with a huge dataset. Our analysis suggests a poor nutritional status in children with an incomplete vaccination schedule.

中文翻译：

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儿童疫苗接种与营养状况之间的关系：近期人口与健康调查分析

背景：大量证据表明疫苗支持免疫系统的发展并改善整体健康状况。目的：研究完整的基本疫苗接种时间表（Bacille Calmette-Guerin，即BCG；麻疹；脊髓灰质炎3；以及白喉，破伤风类毒素和百日咳，即DTP3）对2岁以下儿童营养状况的影响。方法：使用了2013年之后来自16个国家的最新DHS数据。经过双变量描述性分析后，进行了逻辑回归分析，以根据免疫状况预测体重过轻，发育迟缓和浪费的可能性。计算组合的优势比并针对背景变量进行调整。结果：在七个国家中，接种计划不完整的儿童中，体重不足的发生率明显更高。同样，在四个国家中，疫苗接种不足的儿童经常出现浪费和发育迟缓的现象。此外，针对背景变量进行的逻辑回归分析显示，安哥拉，乍得和危地马拉的疫苗接种不完全与体重不足之间存在关联（95％CI下限> 1）。结合所有国家/地区的数据，体重过轻（调整后的赔率，aOR 1.21、95％CI 1.11‒1.31），浪费（aOR 1.18、95％CI 1.05‒1.33）和发育迟缓（aOR 1.07、95％CI 1.00‒1.14）是与疫苗接种状况差有关。总体效果与两性一致，除了浪费女性和发育迟缓的结果，尽管微不足道。贡献：据我们所知，这是第一篇评估具有庞大数据集的多国家水平疫苗接种与营养状况之间关系的论文。