Background: Scant research explores the association between women’s employment and fertility on a truly global scale due to limited cross-national comparative standardized information across contexts. Methods: The paper compiles a unique dataset that combines nationally representative country-level data on women’s wage employment from the International Labor Organization with fertility and reproductive health measures from the United Nations and additional information from UNESCO, OECD and the World Bank. This dataset is used to explore the linear association between women’s employment and fertility/reproductive health around the world between 1960 and 2015. Results: Women’s wage employment is negatively correlated with total fertility rates and unmet need for family planning and positively correlated with modern contraceptive use in every major world region. Nonetheless, evidence suggest these findings hold for non-agricultural—but not agricultural—employment only. Contribution: Our analysis documents the linear association between women’s employment and fertility on a global scale and widens the discussion to include reproductive health outcomes as well. Better understanding these empirical associations on a global scale is important for understanding the mechanisms behind global fertility change.

中文翻译：

---

全球视角下的妇女就业和生育率（1960–2015年）

背景：由于跨境的跨国比较标准化信息有限，Scant的研究在真正的全球范围内探索了妇女就业与生育之间的联系。方法：本文汇编了一个独特的数据集，该数据集将国际劳工组织在全国范围内具有代表性的国家妇女工资就业数据与联合国的生育率和生殖健康措施以及教科文组织，经合组织和世界银行的补充信息相结合。该数据集用于探索1960年至2015年间全球妇女就业与生育能力/生殖健康之间的线性关系。结果：妇女的工资性就业与总生育率和未满足的计划生育需求呈负相关，在世界各主要地区与现代避孕方法的使用呈正相关。尽管如此，有证据表明这些发现仅适用于非农业就业。贡献：我们的分析记录了全球范围内妇女就业与生育率之间的线性关系，并扩大了讨论范围，也包括了生殖健康成果。在全球范围内更好地了解这些经验关联对于了解全球生育率变化背后的机制很重要。我们的分析记录了全球范围内妇女就业与生育率之间的线性关联，并扩大了讨论范围，也包括了生殖健康成果。在全球范围内更好地了解这些经验关联对于了解全球生育率变化背后的机制很重要。我们的分析记录了全球范围内妇女就业与生育率之间的线性关联，并扩大了讨论范围，也包括了生殖健康成果。在全球范围内更好地了解这些经验关联对于了解全球生育率变化背后的机制很重要。