OBJECTIVES Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling mental illnesses and it has a significant impact on society. This review aims to provide updated scientific evidence about the epidemiology of MDD. METHODS A systematic literature review of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed to identify articles on the prevalence of MDD and its correlates. The search was restricted to manuscripts published between January 2001 and December 2018. RESULTS Sixty-three articles were included in the review. The lifetime prevalence of MDD ranged from 2 to 21%, with the highest rates found in some European countries and the lowest in some Asian countries. The main sociodemographic correlates were separated/divorced marital status and female gender. Child abuse, intimate partner violence, and comorbidity with other physical and mental disorders also were consistently associated with MDD across the reviewed studies. CONCLUSIONS MDD is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. There are remarkable interregional differences in the disorder's prevalence, as well as in certain sociodemographic correlates. MDD is also highly comorbid with physical and mental health problems.

中文翻译：

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重度抑郁症的患病率和相关性：系统评价

目标 重度抑郁症 (MDD) 是最致残的精神疾病之一，它对社会产生重大影响。本综述旨在提供有关 MDD 流行病学的最新科学证据。方法 对 PubMed 和 MEDLINE 数据库进行了系统的文献审查，以确定关于 MDD 流行率及其相关性的文章。检索仅限于 2001 年 1 月至 2018 年 12 月期间发表的手稿。结果 63 篇文章被纳入该评价。MDD 的终生患病率为 2% 至 21%，其中一些欧洲国家的患病率最高，一些亚洲国家的最低。主要的社会人口相关因素是分居/离婚的婚姻状况和女性性别。虐待儿童、亲密伴侣暴力、在审查的研究中，与其他身体和精神障碍的共病也始终与 MDD 相关。结论 MDD 是世界范围内高度流行的疾病。该疾病的流行程度以及某些社会人口统计学相关性存在显着的区域间差异。MDD 还与身心健康问题高度共存。