Objective: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is highly prevalent among patients with bipolar disorder (BD), and may affect progression, functioning, and comorbid conditions in BD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clinical variables and MS on overall functioning and specific areas of functioning in patients with BD. Methods: A total of 210 participants (140 participants with BD I and BD II in remission and 70 non-psychiatric control subjects) were included. The investigators administered the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS), the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), and the Bipolar Disorder Functioning Scale (BDFS). The participants completed the Beck Depression Scale (BDS) and the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS). MS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to investigate potential correlations of comorbid MS with clinical variables and level of functioning. Results: Level of functioning did not differ between patients with and without MS. However, there were significant correlations between the level of functioning subscales and the number of depressive episodes (p = 0.033), level of general functioning (p = 0.012), duration of illness (p = 0.012), BDS (p = 0.005), BDRS (p = 0.021), BAS total scores (p = 0.021), number of hypomanic episodes (p = 0.022), number of hospitalizations (p = 0.003), employment status (p = 0.032), and diagnosis of BD I (p = 0.007) and BD II (p = 0.044). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that clinical variables had a greater effect on functioning than MS in BD patients.

中文翻译：

---

代谢综合征和临床特征对双相障碍患者功能的影响：一项横断面研究

目的：代谢综合征 (MS) 在双相情感障碍 (BD) 患者中非常普遍，可能会影响 BD 的进展、功能和合并症。本研究的目的是调查临床变量和 MS 对 BD 患者整体功能和特定功能区域的影响。方法：共纳入 210 名参与者（140 名患有 BD I 和 BD II 缓解的参与者和 70 名非精神病对照受试者）。研究人员使用了年轻躁狂评定量表 (YMRS)、双相抑郁评定量表 (BDRS)、全球功能评估量表 (GAF) 和双相情感障碍功能量表 (BDFS)。参与者完成了贝克抑郁量表（BDS）和贝克焦虑量表（BAS）。根据国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组 III (NCEP ATP III) 标准诊断 MS。使用分层回归分析来研究合并症 MS 与临床变量和功能水平的潜在相关性。结果：患有和不患有 MS 的患者的功能水平没有差异。然而，功能分量表水平与抑郁发作次数（p = 0.033）、一般功能水平（p = 0.012）、病程（p = 0.012）、BDS（p = 0.005）、 BDRS (p = 0.021)、BAS 总分 (p = 0.021)、轻躁狂发作次数 (p = 0.022)、住院次数 (p = 0.003)、就业状况 (p = 0.032) 和 BD I 诊断 (p = 0.007) 和 BD II (p = 0.044)。结论：