Indonesia’s National Social Security System (SJSN) aspires to universal coverage of insurance for health, retirement, and occupational benefits, such as employment injury. This article surveys the successive layers of policy development since the 1960s, in pensions and health benefits for some, and in social assistance programmes for the poor in the Reformasi era. Clarifying the nature of prior developments helps to understand the challenges facing the SJSN. These initiatives are assessed in terms of the literature on welfare regimes, applied as an interpretative tool, rather than in the expectation Indonesia fits the often-rigid categories of welfare typologies.

中文翻译：

---

印尼社会保障的历史发展

印度尼西亚的国家社会保障体系 (SJSN) 致力于为健康、退休和职业福利（例如工伤）提供全民保险。本文调查了自 1960 年代以来政策发展的连续层面，包括一些人的养老金和健康福利，以及改革时代穷人的社会援助计划。澄清先前发展的性质有助于了解 SJSN 面临的挑战。这些举措是根据福利制度的文献进行评估的，用作解释工具，而不是期望印度尼西亚适合通常严格的福利类型类别。