Yamal peninsula is the largest center of reindeer herding in the Arctic, and Nenets historically and recently succeeded in maintaining their economic and ethnocultural potential. However, environmental challenges, such as the formation of a widespread ice crust across the Yamal Peninsula in the winter of 2013–2014 and the outbreak of anthrax in the summer of 2016, have provoked a discussion on Nenets herding “crisis” that allegedly implies the overgrowth of herds and the overgrazing of pastures. Biologists and administrators emphasize the necessity to significantly reduce the Yamal reindeer population “for the sake of environmental safety.” The author of this article presents an alternative approach focused on a system of movement: skillful herd-navigation and quick maneuvering is the basis of Nenets’ traditional rule ya puna hayoda (land after us remains). Conversely, the consequences of sluggish and stationary behavior, including huddling around camp for a long time, is reflected in another Nenets proverb: yadata habei (“land is turned upside down”).

中文翻译：

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北极游牧民族的挑战：亚马尔·涅涅茨人面对气候变化时代的灾难

亚马尔半岛是北极最大的驯鹿放牧中心，涅涅茨人在历史上和最近都成功地保持了其经济和民族文化潜力。但是，环境挑战，例如2013-2014年冬季在亚马尔半岛形成广泛的冰壳，以及2016年夏季爆发炭疽病，引发了关于涅涅茨牧群“危机”的讨论，据称这暗示着牧群的过度生长和牧场的过度放牧。生物学家和管理人员强调，“为了环境安全”，有必要大幅度减少亚马尔驯鹿的数量。本文的作者提出了一种针对运动系统的替代方法：熟练的畜群导航和快速的机动是涅涅茨人的传统统治ya puna hayoda（我们遗留下来的土地）的基础。相反，内涅特人的另一句谚语“ yadata habei”（“土地被颠倒了”）反映了呆滞和静止行为的后果，包括在营地周围拥挤了很长时间。