Evidence suggests that the psychosocial adjustment of children of refugees may be compromised when a parent has symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We sought to determine whether trajectories of parental PTSD symptoms might relate to child adjustment and whether there is an additive effect when both parents, as opposed to just one, has prominent PTSD symptoms. We report data from the first three years of a prospective study of recent Australian humanitarian migrants: the Building a New Life in Australia study. Parental PTSD symptoms were assessed on three occasions, and latent class growth analysis was used to identify homogenous groups of parents based on their PTSD symptoms. The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire was administered to assess child psychosocial adjustment. Regression analyses were then conducted to determine whether trajectories of parental PTSD symptoms predicted child adjustment. After controlling for child age and gender, the presence of either one or both parents with persistently high PTSD symptoms was associated with children's having greater emotional difficulties and poorer overall psychosocial adjustment. Children with both parents with persistently high PTSD had higher levels of emotional difficulties than did children with a single parent with high PTSD symptoms. For emotional difficulties, though not other domains of child psychosocial adjustment, there indeed appears to be an additive impact of having two parents, rather than just one, with persistently high PTSD symptoms, although the magnitude of these effects was small. The clinical and service provision implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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父母的创伤后应激障碍的轨迹和孩子的适应：《在澳大利亚建立新生活》研究的发现。

有证据表明，当父母有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的症状时，对难民儿童的心理社会适应可能会受到损害。我们试图确定父母PTSD症状的轨迹是否可能与儿童适应有关，以及当父母（而不是父母）都具有明显的PTSD症状时，是否有累加效应。我们报告了对最近的澳大利亚人道主义移民进行前瞻性研究的前三年的数据：《在澳大利亚建立新生活》研究。对父母的PTSD症状进行了3次评估，并使用潜伏类生长分析根据其PTSD症状来识别同质的父母群体。进行了《力量与困难问卷》，以评估儿童的心理社会适应能力。然后进行回归分析，以确定父母PTSD症状的轨迹是否可预测儿童适应。在控制了孩子的年龄和性别之后，持续存在较高的PTSD症状的父母之一或父母的存在与孩子的情绪障碍更大，整体社会心理适应性较差有关。父母双亲PTSD持续升高的孩子比单父母双亲PTSD症状高的孩子有更高的情感障碍水平。对于情绪困难，尽管不是其他儿童心理社会适应领域，但确实有两个父母，而不是只有一个父母，父母持续存在较高的PTSD症状，虽然这些影响的程度很小，但确实会产生附加影响。讨论了这些发现对临床和服务提供的影响。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。