This article analyses coal market integration in Europe over the long nineteenth century. The market integration of coal, a key commodity associated with the industrial revolution, is an aspect of European economic history that has received little attention. The literature on the evolution of markets has concentrated on agricultural products, mostly cereals. This article examines intra‐ and international market integration in the principal coal‐producing countries, Britain, Germany, France, and Belgium; and adds three main consuming southern European countries to the analysis of the international market. It provides new evidence on prices, as well as trade, and uses a straightforward approach to address coal price behaviour. Despite shocks, clear trends toward integration in both domestic and international markets can be observed, even if by one of our measures the latter started at a later date. Processes of market integration, however, seemed to slow from the end of the nineteenth century. Explanations are offered as to the causes of the extent and timing of integrations: reductions, mainly, in transportation costs, but also in information costs, and, in the international market, protectionism. The influence of cartels, on the other hand, may have been limited, particularly in the international market.

中文翻译：

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1833–1913年在欧洲煤炭市场的整合†

本文分析了十九世纪漫长的欧洲煤炭市场一体化。煤炭的市场整合是与工业革命相关的重要商品，是欧洲经济史上很少受到关注的一个方面。关于市场发展的文献主要集中在农产品，主要是谷物。本文考察了主要煤炭生产国英国，德国，法国和比利时的内部和国际市场整合。并在国际市场分析中增加了三个主要的消费欧洲南部国家。它提供了有关价格以及贸易的新证据，并使用一种直接的方法来解决煤炭价格行为。尽管受到冲击，但可以观察到在国内外市场进行整合的明显趋势，即使通过我们的一项措施，后者是在较晚的日期开始的。然而，从19世纪末开始，市场整合的进程似乎开始放缓。解释了一体化程度和时机的原因：主要是运输成本的减少，但信息成本的减少，以及在国际市场上的贸易保护主义的减少。另一方面，卡特尔的影响可能受到限制，特别是在国际市场上。