The imposition of economic sanctions on Russia by other countries has raised interest rates, diminished the working capital of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), and led to the restoration of state‐owned companies in many sectors of the economy. Nevertheless, the Russian Federation continues to make efforts to develop a market‐oriented economy based on open competition. This article considers the current situation with SMEs in Russia from the standpoint of market competition and the influence of monopolies on this process. It analyzes bottlenecks in the interaction of monopolies with SMEs. For example, the wires and pipelines required to distribute energy, heat, and electricity over large geographic areas are natural monopolies: only one company can provides each service efficiently in a given area. The companies that control those natural monopolies are able to extract payments far in excess of cost from small businesses. In this and other ways, monopolies are able to dominate the Russian economy and restrict competition from SMEs.

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垄断对俄罗斯小企业发展的影响

其他国家对俄罗斯实施的经济制裁提高了利率，减少了中小企业的营运资金，并导致许多经济领域的国有企业得以恢复。尽管如此，俄罗斯联邦继续努力基于公开竞争发展市场经济。本文从市场竞争和垄断对这一过程的影响的角度考虑了俄罗斯中小企业的现状。它分析了垄断与中小企业互动中的瓶颈。例如，在较大的地理区域内分配能量，热量和电力所需的电线和管道是自然垄断：只有一家公司可以在给定区域内有效地提供每种服务。控制这些自然垄断的公司能够从小型企业中提取远远超过成本的付款。通过这种方式和其他方式，垄断能够控制俄罗斯经济并限制中小企业的竞争。