All theories of international trade that are based on the paradigm of industrial civilization are becoming obsolete. The premises behind the principle of comparative advantage, which developed in the historical context of the early 19^th century, are disappearing. Uncertainties about the future of fossil fuels, conflicts between rich and poor, global ecological fragility, and many other symptoms of system failure have revealed the flaws of industrial civilization and international trade. We examine the history of trade theory within the framework of industrial civilization. We then propose the transition to an ecological civilization, which will restore the diversity of cultures by moving away from the homogeneous world culture that globalization has begun to create. Under the conditions of ecological civilization, international trade will serve the human need to exchange the surplus of each society and to communicate with other cultures. It will cease to be a system of debt and dependence that threatens the sovereignty of most nations today.

中文翻译：

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彻底的贸易改革：从工业到生态文明

所有基于工业文明范式的国际贸易理论都已过时。后面的比较优势原则，这在19月初的历史背景下制定的房地^日世纪，正在消失。关于化石燃料的未来的不确定性，贫富之间的冲突，全球生态脆弱性以及系统故障的许多其他症状都揭示了工业文明和国际贸易的缺陷。我们在工业文明的框架内考察贸易理论的历史。然后，我们建议过渡到生态文明，这将通过摆脱全球化已开始创造的同质世界文化来恢复文化多样性。在生态文明的条件下，国际贸易将满足人类交换每个社会剩余并与其他文化进行交流的需求。它将不再是一种债务和依赖系统，它威胁到当今大多数国家的主权。