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The Predicament of Language and Culture: Advocacy, Anthropology, and Dormant Language Communities
Journal of Linguistic Anthropology ( IF 0.939 ) Pub Date : 2018-12-02 , DOI: 10.1111/jola.12204
Saul Schwartz 1
Affiliation  

A growing literature in linguistic anthropology critically examines the rhetoric of endangered language advocacy. A number of themes remain underexplored, however, including the invocation of “culture” to justify language preservation, the interests of communities without fluent heritage language speakers, and anthropology's contribution to potentially problematic advocacy tropes. Discourses like “language is the core of culture” and “when a language dies, a culture dies” are widespread in language activism even though they undermine communities’ efforts to maintain distinctive cultural identities in the wake of language shift and put dormant language communities in a double bind. While Boasian anthropology contains anti‐essentialist and counter‐nationalist perspectives on language, culture, and race, some Herderian advocacy tropes are borrowed from the (also Boasian) tradition of linguistic relativity in its popular Whorfian iteration. Drawing on my research on Chiwere language politics, I identify two forms of agency available to endangered and dormant language communities: one form of agency resists language loss but accepts dominant ideologies of national difference that make heritage languages essential to indigenous cultural identities, while another form of agency accepts language loss but resists Herderian nationalist expectations that authentic indigenous communities speak their traditional languages. [advocacy rhetoric, dormant language communities, language and culture ideologies, agency, Chiwere]

中文翻译:

语言和文化的困境:倡导,人类学和休眠语言社区

语言人类学上越来越多的文献严格地审查了濒临灭绝的语言倡导的言论。但是,仍有许多主题尚未得到开发,包括调用“文化”以证明语言保护的正当性,没有流利的传统语言使用者的社区的利益以及人类学对可能引起争议的倡导主题的贡献。诸如“语言是文化的核心”和“语言死后,文化消亡”之类的话语在语言行动主义中很普遍,尽管它们破坏了社区在语言转变后维持独特文化身份的努力,并使处于休眠状态的语言社区陷入困境。双重绑定。波斯人的人类学包含有关语言,文化和种族的反必要论和反民族主义观点,一些Herderian倡导的比喻是在其流行的Whorfian迭代中从(相对于Boasian)语言相对论的传统中借用的。根据我对奇维尔语言政治的研究,我确定了两种形式的代理机构可用于濒临灭绝的语言社区:一种代理机构抵制语言损失,但接受民族差异的主导意识形态,这使遗产语言对于土著文化身份至关重要,而另一种形式机构接受语言损失,但抵制赫德民族主义的期望,即原汁原味的土著社区会说其传统语言。[倡导言论,休眠语言社区,语言和文化意识形态,代理机构,奇维尔] 根据我对奇维尔语言政治的研究,我确定了两种形式的代理机构可用于濒临灭绝的语言社区:一种代理机构抵制语言损失,但接受民族差异的主导意识形态,这使遗产语言对于土著文化身份至关重要,而另一种形式代理机构接受语言损失,但拒绝接受Herderian民族主义者的期望,即真实的土著社区会说传统语言。[倡导言论,休眠语言社区,语言和文化意识形态,代理机构,奇维尔] 根据我对奇维尔语言政治的研究,我确定了两种形式的代理机构可用于濒临灭绝的语言社区:一种代理机构抵制语言损失,但接受民族差异的主导意识形态,这使遗产语言对于土著文化身份至关重要,而另一种形式机构接受语言损失,但抵制赫德民族主义的期望,即原汁原味的土著社区会说其传统语言。[倡导言论,休眠语言社区,语言和文化意识形态,代理机构,奇维尔] 而另一种形式的代理机构则接受语言损失,但抵制赫德民族主义的期望,即原汁原味的土著社区会说其传统语言。[倡导言论,休眠语言社区,语言和文化意识形态,代理机构,奇维尔] 而另一种形式的代理机构则接受语言损失,但抵制赫德民族主义的期望,即原汁原味的土著社区会说传统语言。[倡导言论,休眠语言社区,语言和文化意识形态,代理机构,奇维尔]
更新日期:2018-12-02
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