Two-dimensional (2D) materials have excellent electronic and optoelectronic properties, such as ultrafast charge transport and tunable photon absorption. These 2D materials include topological semimetal graphene, semiconductor material black phosphorus, transition-metal dichalcogenides, etc. Studying the ultra-high optical response speed and sensitivity, broadband spectrum and other excellent performance photodetectors are the goals of continuous pursuit and challenge. 2D material photodetectors have become a research hotspot due to the special propert-ies of 2D materials including flexible tuning, no dangling bonds, high mobility, and many more. Herein, the electronic and optoelectronic properties of 2D materials and the quality factors of the photodetector are introduced. Then, the 2D material-based photodetectors with a detection wavelength from visible light to the terahertz band are summarized systematically. Finally, the prospects and challenges of 2D material-based photodetectors are discussed briefly.

二维 (2D) 材料具有优异的电子和光电特性，例如超快电荷传输和可调光子吸收。这些二维材料包括拓扑半金属石墨烯、半导体材料黑磷、过渡金属二硫属化物等。研究超高光响应速度和灵敏度、宽带光谱等优异性能的光电探测器是不断追求和挑战的目标。二维材料光电探测器由于二维材料具有灵活调谐、无悬空键、高迁移率等特性而成为研究热点。在此，介绍了二维材料的电子和光电特性以及光电探测器的品质因素。然后，系统总结了检测波长从可见光到太赫兹波段的二维材料光电探测器。最后，简要讨论了基于二维材料的光电探测器的前景和挑战。