Background: Movement disorders encompass various conditions affecting the nervous system. The pathological processes underlying movement disorders lead to aberrant synaptic plastic changes, which in turn alter the functioning of large-scale brain networks. Therefore, clinical phenomenology does not only entail motor symptoms but also cognitive and motivational disturbances. The result is the disruption of motor learning and motor behavior. Due to this complexity, the responsiveness to standard therapies could be disappointing. Specific forms of rehabilitation entailing goal-based practice, aerobic training, and the use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques could “restore” neuroplasticity at motor–cognitive circuitries, leading to clinical gains. This is probably associated with modulations occurring at both molecular (synaptic) and circuitry levels (networks). Several gaps remain in our understanding of the relationships among plasticity and neural networks and how neurorehabilitation could promote clinical gains is still unclear.

中文翻译：

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结合的纽带：运动障碍中的异常可塑性和网络功能障碍——对康复的影响

背景：运动障碍包括影响神经系统的各种疾病。运动障碍背后的病理过程会导致突触可塑性异常变化，进而改变大规模大脑网络的功能。因此，临床现象学不仅涉及运动症状，还涉及认知和动机障碍。结果是运动学习和运动行为的中断。由于这种复杂性，对标准疗法的反应可能令人失望。特定形式的康复需要基于目标的练习、有氧训练和使用无创脑刺激技术，可以“恢复”运动认知回路的神经可塑性，从而获得临床收益。这可能与分子（突触）和电路水平（网络）发生的调制有关。我们对可塑性和神经网络之间的关系以及神经康复如何促进临床收益的理解仍存在一些差距，目前尚不清楚。