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Reducing Hypoxia in an Urban Estuary Despite Climate Warming
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03964
Michael M. Whitney 1 , Penny Vlahos 1
Affiliation  

Seasonal hypoxia is a serious threat to coastal ecosystems. This study on hypoxia in Long Island Sound (LIS), a large urbanized estuary, focuses on responses to managed nitrogen load reductions and climate change. At the analyzed station in western LIS, warming in bottom waters (0.8 °C per decade) favors hypoxia. Total nitrogen concentrations have decreased (0.06 mg L–1 per decade) with load reductions, but no linear temporal trend in chlorophyll is discernible. Bottom dissolved oxygen has increased (0.48 mg L–1 per decade), despite warming-induced solubility decreases (0.13 mg L–1 per decade). Decreasing trends in hypoxic area and volume (100 km2 and 1 km3 per decade) reflect improved conditions and are coincident with reducing loads. Regressions link hypoxic extent to nitrogen loads, chlorophyll, salinity, and winds. Though mitigation has reduced hypoxia, these improvements will not be sustained in the warming climate without continued intervention. The warming-induced oxygen solubility decrease forecasted for 2099 (0.4 mg L–1) would erode 35% of the observed oxygen gains. Implementing a nitrogen load reduction of 1.2 × 106 kg year–1 before the century’s end would offset the oxygen solubility decline. This overall approach is applicable to areas experiencing warming and continued development that complicate efforts to reign in hypoxia.

中文翻译:

在气候变暖的情况下减少城市河口缺氧

季节性缺氧是对沿海生态系统的严重威胁。这项关于长岛之声(LIS)的缺氧研究是一个大型的城市化河口,其研究重点是对受控氮负荷减少和气候变化的响应。在LIS西部的分析站,底部水域变暖(每十年0.8°C)有利于缺氧。随着负荷的减少,总氮浓度降低了(每十年0.06 mg L –1),但是叶绿素没有线性的时间趋势。尽管变暖引起的溶解度降低(每十年0.13 mg L –1),但底部溶解氧有所增加(每十年0.48 mg L –1)。低氧区域和体积的减少趋势(100 km 2和1 km 3每十年)反映了情况的改善,并且与减少的负荷相吻合。回归将缺氧程度与氮负荷,叶绿素,盐度和风联系起来。尽管缓解措施减少了缺氧,但是如果不继续干预,这些改善将无法在变暖的气候中持续。到2099年预测的由增温引起的氧溶解度下降(0.4 mg L –1)将侵蚀所观察到的增氧量的35%。实施1.2×10的氮负荷减少6 kg的年-1世纪末之前将抵消氧溶解度下降。此总体方法适用于经历变暖和持续发展的地区,这些地区使控制缺氧的努力变得复杂。
更新日期:2021-01-19
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