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Latitudinal patterns in intertidal ecosystem structure in West Greenland suggest resilience to climate change
bioRxiv - Ecology Pub Date : 2021-01-05 , DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.05.419028
Jakob Thyrring , Susse Wegeberg , Martin E Blicher , Dorte Krause-Jensen , Signe H&oslashgslund , Birgit Olesen , Jozef Wiktor , Kim N Mouritsen , Lloyd S Peck , Mikael K Sejr

Climate change has ecosystem-wide cascading effects. Little is known, however, about the resilience of Arctic marine ecosystems to environmental change. Here we quantify and compare large-scale patterns in rocky intertidal biomass, coverage and zonation in six regions along a north-south gradient of temperature and ice conditions in West Greenland (60-72°N). We related the level and variation in assemblage composition, biomass and coverage to latitudinal-scale environmental drivers. Across all latitudes, the intertidal assemblage was dominated by a core of stress-tolerant foundation species that constituted >95% of the biomass. Hence, canopy-forming macroalgae, represented by Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens and F. vesiculosus and, up to 69 °N, also Ascophyllum nodosum, together with Semibalanus balanoides, occupied >70% of the vertical tidal range in all regions. Thus, a similar functional assemblage composition occurred across regions, and no latitudinal depression was observed. The most conspicuous difference in species composition from south to north was that three common species (the macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum, the amphipod Gammarus setosus and the gastropod Littorina obtusata) disappeared from the mid-intertidal, although at different latitudes. There were no significant relationships between assemblage metrics and air temperature or sea ice coverage as obtained from weather stations and satellites, respectively. Although the mean biomass decreased >50% from south to north, local biomass in excess of 10 000 g ww m-2 was found even at the northernmost site, demonstrating the patchiness of this habitat and the effect of small-scale variation in environmental characteristics. Hence, using the latitudinal gradient in a space-for-time substitution, our results suggest that while climate modification may lead to an overall increase in the intertidal biomass in north Greenland, it is unlikely to drive dramatic functional changes in ecosystem structure in the near future. Our dataset provides an important baseline for future studies to verify these predictions for Greenlands intertidal zone.

中文翻译:

西格陵兰岛潮间带生态系统结构的纬度格局表明对气候变化的适应力

气候变化具有生态系统范围的级联效应。然而,关于北极海洋生态系统对环境变化的适应力知之甚少。在这里,我们量化和比较沿西格陵兰(60-72°N)的南北温度和冰况梯度在六个地区的岩石潮间生物量,覆盖度和分区的大规模模式。我们将组合物组成,生物量和覆盖率的水平和变化与纬度规模的环境驱动因素联系起来。在所有纬度上,潮间带的组合都由核心的耐应力基础物种主导,该基础物种占生物量的95%以上。因此,形成了冠层的大型藻类,以褐藻(Fusus distichus)亚种为代表。evanescensF. vesiculosus,以及高达69°N,结节藻半巴拉诺斯藻在所有地区的垂直潮汐范围中所占比例均超过70%。因此,跨区域出现了相似的功能组合物,并且未观察到纬向凹陷。物种组成的北最显着的差异从南是三种常见的物种(大型藻类泡叶藻的片脚钩虾setosus和腹滨obtusata)从潮间带消失,尽管在不同的纬度。分别从气象站和卫星获得的组合度量与气温或海冰覆盖率之间没有显着关系。尽管平均生物量从南到北下降了50%以上,但即使在最北端,也发现了超过10000 g ww m-2的局部生物量,这表明该生境的斑块和环境特征的小范围变化。因此,在时空替代中使用纬度梯度,我们的结果表明,虽然气候变化可能导致格陵兰北部的潮间带生物量总体增加,但在近期内不太可能导致生态系统结构发生剧烈的功能变化未来。
更新日期:2021-01-06
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