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Using claws to compare reproduction, stress and diet of female bearded and ringed seals in the Bering and Chukchi seas, Alaska, between 1953–1968 and 1998–2014
Conservation Physiology ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 , DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa115
Danielle D Crain 1 , Shawna A Karpovich 2 , Lori Quakenbush 2 , Lori Polasek 3
Affiliation  

Abstract
Rapid climate warming is decreasing sea ice thickness, extent and duration. Marine mammals such as bearded (Erignathus barbatus) and ringed (Pusa hispida) seals, which use sea ice for pupping, molting and resting, may be negatively affected. Claws from bearded and ringed seals store up to 14 and 12 years of sequential analyte data, respectively. These data can be used to compare reproduction, stress and diet across decades. In this study, we compare progesterone, cortisol and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in female bearded and ringed seals during 1953–1968 (pre-1968, a period prior to sea ice decline) to 1998–2014 (post-1998, a period during sea ice decline). When comparing these periods, bearded seals had statistically higher cortisol concentrations post-1998, and for both species δ13C was more negative post-1998, while progesterone and δ15N did not change. There was a positive relationship between progesterone and cortisol Z-scores for both species, except for ringed seals post-1998. There was a negative relationship between cortisol Z-scores and δ13C for bearded seals evident in post-1998 indicating that higher cortisol Z-scores are associated with more negative δ13C in bearded seals in recent years. This negative relationship between cortisol and δ13C in bearded seals suggests a shift to higher prey diversity, possibly due to changes in sea ice in the Pacific Arctic evident post 1998. Progesterone Z-scores corresponded to expected differences among non-pregnant, unimplanted, implanted and post-partum individuals. Using these data, pregnancy history was determined for reproductive years for each individual female sampled, which could allow for yearly pregnancy rates to be calculated given a large enough representative sample of the population. These results combine decades of observational studies with hormones and stable isotopes to infer changes in reproduction, stress and diet, as well as the connection between these life history parameters.


中文翻译:

在1953年至1968年至1998年至2014年之间,使用爪子比较阿拉斯加白令海和楚科奇海中雌性胡须和环斑海豹的繁殖,压力和饮食

摘要
快速的气候变暖正在降低海冰的厚度,范围和持续时间。海洋哺乳动物,例如胡须(Erignathus barbatus)和环状(Pusa hispida))使用海冰进行撒布,蜕皮和栖息的海豹可能会受到不利影响。带胡须和环状密封的爪子分别可以存储长达14年和12年的连续分析物数据。这些数据可用于比较数十年来的繁殖,压力和饮食。在这项研究中,我们比较了1953年至1968年(1968年前,海冰下降之前的一个时期)至1998年至2014年(1998年后,一个时期的期间)内雌性胡须和环状海豹中的孕酮,皮质醇以及碳和氮稳定同位素海冰下降)。当比较这些时期,胡子拉碴的密封有统计学较高的皮质醇浓度后的1998年,并为这两个物种δ 13 C为负后的1998年,而孕激素和δ 15N没有变化。除1998年后的环斑海豹外,这两个物种的孕酮和皮质醇Z评分之间存在正相关。有皮质醇Z分数之间δ负相关关系13 ℃,在后1998年明显胡子的密封表明较高的皮质醇Z值与负相关δ 13的大胡子海豹近年来℃。皮质醇和δ之间的这种负相关关系13有胡子的海豹中的C表明可能是向更高的猎物多样性转变,这可能是由于1998年太平洋北极地区明显的海冰变化所致。孕酮Z评分对应于未怀孕,未植入,植入和产后个体之间的预期差异。使用这些数据,可以确定每个样本女性在生殖年的怀孕史,如果有足够大的代表性样本,可以计算出每年的怀孕率。这些结果将数十年的观察研究与激素和稳定同位素结合在一起,可以推断生殖,压力和饮食的变化,以及这些生活史参数之间的联系。
更新日期:2021-01-06
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