INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of coronavirus causing a pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-2). Coronaviruses are very diverting genetically and mutate so often periodically. The natural selection of viral mutations may cause host infection selectivity and infectivity. METHODS This study was aimed to indicate the diversity between human and animal coronaviruses through finding the rate of mutation in each of the spike, nucleocapsid, envelope, and membrane proteins. RESULTS The mutation rate is abundant in all 4 structural proteins. The most number of statistically significant amino acid mutations were found in spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) which may be because it is responsible for a corresponding receptor binding in a broad range of hosts and host selectivity to infect. Among 17 previously known amino acids which are important for binding of spike to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, all of them are conservative among human coronaviruses, but only 3 of them significantly are mutated in animal coronaviruses. A single amino acid aspartate-454, that causes dissociation of the RBD of the spike and ACE2, and F486 which gives the strength of binding with ACE2 remain intact in all coronaviruses. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Observations of this study provided evidence of the genetic diversity and rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 as well as other human and animal coronaviruses.

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2019 新型冠状病毒的遗传变异与进化

简介 SARS-CoV-2 是一种新型冠状病毒，可引起大流行性严重急性呼吸系统综合症 (SARS-2)。冠状病毒在遗传上非常分散，并且经常定期变异。病毒突变的自然选择可能导致宿主感染选择性和传染性。方法本研究旨在通过发现每个刺突、核衣壳、包膜和膜蛋白的突变率来表明人和动物冠状病毒之间的多样性。结果 突变率在所有 4 种结构蛋白中都很丰富。在刺突受体结合域 (RBD) 中发现了数量最多的具有统计学意义的氨基酸突变，这可能是因为它负责在广泛的宿主中结合相应的受体以及宿主选择性感染。在先前已知的 17 种氨基酸中，对于棘突与血管紧张素转换酶 2 (ACE2) 受体的结合很重要，它们在人类冠状病毒中都是保守的，但只有 3 种在动物冠状病毒中发生显着突变。单个氨基酸天冬氨酸-454 导致刺突和 ACE2 的 RBD 解离，以及提供与 ACE2 结合强度的 F486 在所有冠状病毒中保持完整。讨论/结论 本研究的观察结果为 SARS-CoV-2 以及其他人类和动物冠状病毒的遗传多样性和快速进化提供了证据。这导致刺突和 ACE2 的 RBD 解离，而 F486 提供与 ACE2 结合的强度，在所有冠状病毒中保持完整。讨论/结论 本研究的观察结果为 SARS-CoV-2 以及其他人类和动物冠状病毒的遗传多样性和快速进化提供了证据。这会导致刺突和 ACE2 的 RBD 解离，而 F486 使与 ACE2 的结合强度在所有冠状病毒中保持完整。讨论/结论 本研究的观察结果为 SARS-CoV-2 以及其他人类和动物冠状病毒的遗传多样性和快速进化提供了证据。