This study presents the structural aspects of the solid-state processing of various titanium chips. The structural characterization of: (1) commercial pure Ti in the as-received state, (2) manufactured chips, and (3) products of the chip processing are presented. Pure single-phase titanium Grade4 (Ti Gr4) was processed which, among all grades of pure titanium, is characterized by the lowest possible purity and the highest possible strength at the same time. Four geometries of chips were processed, i.e., chips after turning (thin and coarse), and chips after milling (thin and coarse). An unconventional plastic working method was applied to transform a dispersed form (chips) into solid, bulk metal in the form of rods without re-melting. The rods with a diameter of Ø8 mm and a length of about 500 mm were manufactured. Based on computer tomography and Archimedes measurements, it was found that the manufactured rods were consolidated and near fully dense. In turn, microscopy investigations proved that conventional, polycrystalline, grained structures were obtained. Only an insignificantly small number of internal defects were revealed, meaning that the obtained rods exhibited a proper structure typical for commercial titanium. Obtained materials, except of small surface inclusions, were fee of impurities. Whereas the results of the compression tests proved that the manufactured rods are characterized by new interatomic bonds, cohesion and plasticity analogous to those of titanium in the as-received state.

中文翻译：

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钛4级不同切屑加工中的结构方面和结构表征

这项研究介绍了各种钛芯片的固态处理的结构方面。介绍了以下材料的结构特征：（1）处于接收状态的商用纯钛；（2）制成的切屑；以及（3）切屑加工的产品。加工的纯单相钛Grade4（Ti Gr4）在所有等级的纯钛中，特征在于同时具有最低的纯度和最高的强度。加工了四个几何形状的切屑，即车削后的切屑（薄而粗糙）和铣削后的切屑（薄而粗糙）。应用了一种非常规的塑性加工方法，以将分散的形式（碎片）转变为棒状的固态块状金属，而无需重新熔化。制造了直径为Ø8mm，长度约为500 mm的杆。根据计算机断层扫描和阿基米德测量，发现制造的棒是固结的并且接近完全致密。反过来，显微镜研究证明获得了常规的多晶颗粒结构。仅显示了极少量的内部缺陷，这意味着所获得的棒显示出商业钛典型的适当结构。获得的材料，除小的表面夹杂物外，都是杂质。压缩试验的结果证明，所制造的棒具有与原态钛相似的新的原子间键，内聚力和可塑性。显微镜研究证明获得了常规的多晶晶粒结构。仅显示了极少量的内部缺陷，这意味着所获得的棒显示出商业钛典型的适当结构。获得的材料，除小的表面夹杂物外，都是杂质。压缩试验的结果证明，所制造的棒具有与原态钛相似的新的原子间键，内聚力和可塑性。显微镜研究证明获得了常规的多晶晶粒结构。仅显示了极少量的内部缺陷，这意味着所获得的棒显示出商业钛典型的适当结构。获得的材料，除小的表面夹杂物外，都是杂质。压缩试验的结果证明，所制造的棒具有与原态钛相似的新的原子间键，内聚力和可塑性。