Individuals with dyslexia show deficits in phonological abilities, rapid automatized naming, short-term/working memory, processing speed, and some aspects of sensory and visual processing. There is currently one report in the literature that individuals with dyslexia also show impairments in linguistic prediction. The current study sought to investigate prediction in language processing in dyslexia. Forty-one adults with dyslexia and 43 typically-developing controls participated. In the experiment, participants made speeded-acceptability judgements in sentences with word final cloze manipulations. The final word was a high-cloze probability word, a low-cloze probability word, or a semantically anomalous word. Reaction time from the onset of the final word to participants’ response was recorded. Results indicated that individuals with dyslexia showed longer reaction times, and crucially, they showed clear differences from controls in low predictability sentences, which is consistent with deficits in linguistic prediction. Conclusions focus on the mechanism supporting prediction in language comprehension and possible reasons why individuals with dyslexia show less prediction.

中文翻译：

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语言障碍是成年人阅读障碍的特征吗？

患有阅读障碍的人表现出语音能力，快速自动命名，短期/工作记忆，处理速度以及感觉和视觉处理的某些方面的缺陷。目前，在文献中有一篇报告指出，阅读障碍者的语言预测能力也受损。当前的研究试图调查阅读障碍的语言处理中的预测。有41名患有阅读障碍的成年人和43名典型的发展中的对照组参加了研究。在实验中，参与者使用最终词完形填空操作对句子进行快速可接受性判断。最后一个单词是高定格率单词，低定格率单词或语义上异常的单词。记录从最后一个单词开始到参与者反应的反应时间。结果表明，诵读困难的人表现出更长的反应时间，并且至关重要的是，他们在低可预测性句子中显示出与对照组明显的差异，这与语言预测的缺陷相一致。结论集中在支持语言理解预测的机制上，以及阅读障碍的人显示较少预测的可能原因。