A thermodynamic model is established to investigate the effects of internal stress in PbZrO₃ (PZ) antiferroelectric (AFE) film on the barocaloric effect (BCE), electrocaloric effect (ECE), and energy storage properties. It is found that the internal stress can change the phase transition behaviors and free energy barriers among AFE, ferroelectric (FE), and paraelectric (PE) phases. For the BCE, it occurs only in the FE phase induced by stress or temperature. Under a certain temperature, the optimized negative and positive ECE can be obtained by controlling the internal stress and electric field. In addition, the switching electric field of the AFE→FE phase transition increases and causes a larger recoverable energy density with decreasing tensile stress. These results are analyzed and explained by tricritical points (3 cp) with different stresses, temperatures, and electric fields. Therefore, this thermodynamic model provides an effective route to optimize the BCE, ECE, and energy storage properties of PZ films.

中文翻译：

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PbZrO3反铁电薄膜的应力介导的热效应，电热效应和能量存储的热力学分析

建立热力学模型以研究内应力在PbZrO _{3中的影响}（PZ）反铁电（AFE）膜的气压效应（BCE），电热效应（ECE）和能量存储特性。发现内部应力可以改变AFE，铁电（FE）和顺电（PE）相之间的相变行为和自由能垒。对于BCE，它仅在应力或温度引起的FE相中发生。在一定温度下，可以通过控制内部应力和电场来获得最佳的负ECE和正ECE。另外，AFE→FE相变的开关电场增加，并且随着张应力的减小而导致更大的可回收能量密度。这些结果是通过具有不同应力，温度和电场的三临界点（3 cp）进行分析和解释的。所以，