Finite element (FE) analyses can be used as a powerful tool in the package design process to study for instance stress and strain fields that arise during loading. An orthotropic linear elastic material model with a stress‐based failure criterion was used to simulate box compression tests (BCTs) of a paperboard package in the FE solver LS‐Dyna. Physical experiments were performed at 50%, 70%, and 90% relative humidity (RH). The input parameters required for the simulations were calculated based on material characterization at standard climate (50% RH and 23°C) and a linear relation between mechanical material properties and moisture ratio established in earlier studies. The result showed that it was possible to accurately predict the load–compression curve of a BCT when moisture was accounted for. Furthermore, it was found that modelling of the mechanical properties of the creases are important for capturing the stiffness response of the package. To conclude, it was possible to predict the box compression strength and the linear stiffness response prior to the peak in the load–compression response at relevant moisture levels, by using the previously established linear relationship between moisture ratio and material properties. In addition to the moisture ratio at the preferred moisture level, the only material properties required were the in‐plane strengths and stiffnesses, and the out‐of‐plane shear moduli at standard climate.

中文翻译：

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在不同水分含量下对纸板包装进行的实验和有限元模拟盒压缩测试

有限元（FE）分析可以用作包装设计过程中的强大工具，以研究例如在加载过程中出现的应力场和应变场。具有基于应力破坏准则的正交异性线性弹性材料模型用于模拟有限元求解器LS-Dyna中纸板包装的箱形压缩测试（BCT）。物理实验是在50％，70％和90％相对湿度（RH）下进行的。模拟所需的输入参数是根据标准气候（50％RH和23°C）下的材料特性以及较早研究中建立的机械材料性能与水分比之间的线性关系计算得出的。结果表明，考虑到水分后，可以准确预测BCT的载荷-压缩曲线。此外，已经发现，折痕的机械性能的建模对于捕获包装的刚度响应很重要。总而言之，通过使用先前确定的水分比和材料性能之间的线性关系，可以在相关水分水平下，在载荷-压缩响应达到峰值之前，预测箱体的抗压强度和线性刚度响应。除了在首选水分含量下的水分比外，唯一需要的材料性能是标准气候下的面内强度和刚度以及面外剪切模量。通过使用先前确定的水分比和材料性能之间的线性关系，可以在相关水分含量下，在载荷-压缩响应达到峰值之前，预测箱体的抗压强度和线性刚度响应。除了在首选水分含量下的水分比外，唯一需要的材料性能是标准气候下的面内强度和刚度以及面外剪切模量。通过使用先前确定的水分比和材料性能之间的线性关系，可以在相关水分含量下，在载荷-压缩响应达到峰值之前，预测箱体的抗压强度和线性刚度响应。除了在首选水分含量下的水分比外，唯一需要的材料性能是标准气候下的面内强度和刚度以及面外剪切模量。