Would you prefer $50 now or $100 in 6 months? What if you made this decision for someone else—would you be more impulsive or more self-controlled? Some studies suggest we are more impulsive when deciding for ourselves, whereas others suggest the reverse. This might be because some researchers ask participants what they would do whereas others ask what they should do. We investigated the impact of should/would decision type on delay discounting rate in choices for the self and for another person. We also examined the effect of condition order. In Experiment 1 (using a student sample), discounting rates were affected by the combination of decision frame and condition order. Decision frame had a bigger effect on choices in the second condition, perhaps because instructions became clearer when they could be contrasted with the previous set. Experiment 2 (using a Mechanical Turk sample) investigated this possibility by including all possible frames at the beginning of the session; this produced a more consistent would/should difference for choices for the self, but an order effect remained. Experiment 3 isolated task order by having participants complete the same choice task twice. Decisions were significantly more self-controlled for the second iteration. Together, these results suggest that people are more self-controlled when making should decisions and (less consistently) decisions for others and that having recently made delay-amount trade-off decisions also promotes self-control. Rates of unsystematic data were unexpectedly high in Experiment 2, particularly among nonmaster Turk workers and those located in India.

中文翻译：

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“应该”和“会”指令对延迟折扣对自己和他人奖励的影响

你更喜欢现在 50 美元还是 6 个月后 100 美元？如果你为别人做了这个决定，你会更冲动还是更自控？一些研究表明，我们在为自己做决定时更容易冲动，而另一些研究则相反。这可能是因为一些研究人员问参与者他们会做什么，而另一些研究人员问他们应该做什么做。我们调查了应该/愿意决策类型对自己和他人选择的延迟贴现率的影响。我们还检查了条件顺序的影响。在实验 1（使用学生样本）中，折扣率受决策框架和条件顺序组合的影响。在第二种情况下，决策框架对选择的影响更大，也许是因为当它们与前一组相比时，指令变得更加清晰。实验 2（使用 Mechanical Turk 样本）通过在会话开始时包含所有可能的帧来研究这种可能性；这对自我的选择产生了更一致的意愿/应该差异，但秩序效应仍然存在。实验 3 通过让参与者完成两次相同的选择任务来隔离任务顺序。在第二次迭代中，决策明显更加自我控制。总之，这些结果表明，人们在为他人做出应该做出的决定和（不太一致的）决定时更能自我控制，而且最近做出的延迟量权衡决定也促进了自我控制。在实验 2 中，非系统数据的比率出乎意料地高，特别是在非熟练土耳其工人和位于印度的工人中。