The increasing incidence of food allergy remains a significant public health concern. Food allergy is partially due to a lack, or loss of tolerance to food allergens. Clinical outcomes surrounding early life practices, such as breastfeeding, antibiotic use, and food allergen exposure, indicate the first year of life in children represents a unique time for shaping the immune system to reduce allergic outcomes. Animal models have identified distinctive aspects of when and where dietary antigens are delivered within the intestinal tract to promote oral tolerance prior to weaning. Additionally, animal models have identified contributions from maternal proteins from breastmilk and bacterial products from the gut microbiota in regulating dietary antigen exposure and promoting oral tolerance, thus connecting decades of clinical observations on the benefits of breastfeeding, early food allergen introduction, and antibiotic avoidance in the first year of life in reducing allergic outcomes. Here we discuss how exposure to gut luminal antigens, including food allergens, is regulated in early life to generate protective tolerance and the implications of this process for preventing and treating food allergies.

中文翻译：

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生命早期口腔抗原递送的调节：对口腔耐受和食物过敏的影响

食物过敏发生率的增加仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。食物过敏部分是由于缺乏或丧失对食物过敏原的耐受性。围绕早期生活实践（例如母乳喂养、抗生素使用和食物过敏原暴露）的临床结果表明，儿童的第一年是塑造免疫系统以减少过敏结果的独特时期。动物模型已经确定了饮食抗原在肠道内输送的时间和地点的独特方面，以促进断奶前的口服耐受性。此外，动物模型已经确定了母乳中的母体蛋白质和肠道微生物群中的细菌产物在调节饮食抗原暴露和促进口服耐受方面的贡献，从而将数十年的临床观察与母乳喂养、早期食物过敏原引入和避免抗生素的益处联系起来。减少过敏后果的第一年。在这里，我们讨论如何在生命早期调节肠道腔抗原（包括食物过敏原）的暴露以产生保护性耐受性，以及该过程对预防和治疗食物过敏的影响。