Soil salinity is one of the most prominent abiotic stresses whereas wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is the major biotic stress in chickpea. We carried out an experiment to understand the mechanism of wilt development in chickpea (cv. JG-62) by F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris isolate 49 (Foc-49) in soil under salinity (NaCl) stress. High NaCl concentration had a negative influence on chickpea seed germination and growth while positively influenced mycelial growth and sporulation in Foc-49. Increased mycelial growth, mycelial biomass, sporulation, and microconidial production was observed in Foc-49 cultured in high NaCl concentrations. Similarly, at higher NaCl concentrations either extensive root colonization by Foc-49 or severe rotting of the roots was observed in plants challenged with or without Foc-49, respectively. In contrast, Foc-49 alone without NaCl caused extensive browning of the chickpea roots initially and rotting at a later stage. Mortality of chickpea plants was also high in the combined treatment of Foc-49 and NaCl. Additionally, results from the virulence study showed that G-protein and MAP kinase-mediated signalling were active in Foc-49 while interacting with the JG-62 plants under NaCl stress. Moreover, up-regulation of the SNF1, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and fusaric acid biosynthesis genes and down-regulation of the SIX effector genes in Foc-49 during interaction with the chickpea plants under NaCl stress indicate that soil salinity promotes growth in Fusarium sp. and push the pathogen to shift its pathogenic lifestyle towards the necrotrophic state by-passing the hemibiotrophic state.

土壤盐分是最主要的非生物胁迫之一，而枯萎病是由枯萎镰刀菌引起的枯萎病。sp。蜡ice是鹰嘴豆中的主要生物胁迫。我们进行了一项实验，以了解由F. oxysporum f。引起的鹰嘴豆（cv。JG-62）枯萎发育的机理。sp。西塞里斯在盐度（NaCl）胁迫下在土壤中分离49（Foc-49）。较高的NaCl浓度对鹰嘴豆种子的发芽和生长具有负面影响，而对Foc-49的菌丝生长和孢子形成则具有正面影响。在高NaCl浓度下培养的Foc-49中观察到了菌丝生长，菌丝生物量，孢子形成和微孢子产生增加。类似地，在较高的NaCl浓度下，分别在有或没有Foc-49的植物中观察到Foc-49引起的根系广泛定植或根系严重腐烂。相反，单独使用不含NaCl的Foc-49最初会引起鹰嘴豆根的广泛褐变，并在随后的阶段腐烂。在Foc-49和NaCl的联合处理中，鹰嘴豆植物的死亡率也很高。另外，毒力研究的结果表明，在NaCl胁迫下，G蛋白和MAP激酶介导的信号转导在Foc-49中起作用，同时与JG-62植物相互作用。而且，上调了在NaCl胁迫下与鹰嘴豆植物相互作用期间，Foc-49中的SNF1，细胞壁降解酶和富马酸生物合成基因以及SIX效应基因的下调表明，土壤盐分促进了镰刀菌的生长。并推动病原体绕过半营养型状态，将其致病性生活方式转变为营养型状态。