In this study, we developed a method to prepare inorganic nanoparticles in situ on the surface of cationized cellulose using a rapid microwave-assisted synthesis. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were employed as a novel type of antimicrobial agent and, using the same method, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were also prepared. The results demonstrated that both SeNPs and AgNPs of about 100 nm in size were generated on the cationized cellulose fabrics. The antibacterial tests revealed that the presence of SeNPs clearly improved the antibacterial performance of cationized cellulose in a similar way as AgNPs. The functionalised fabrics demonstrated strong antibacterial activity when assessed using the challenge test method, even after repeated washing. Microscopic investigations revealed that the bacterial cells were visually damaged through contact with the functionalised fabrics. Furthermore, the functionalised fabrics showed low cytotoxicity towards human cells when tested in vitro using an indirect contact method. In conclusion, this study provides a new approach to prepare cationic cellulose fabrics functionalised with Se or Ag nanoparticles, which exhibit excellent antimicrobial performance, low cytotoxicity and good laundry durability. We have demonstrated that SeNPs can be a good alternative to AgNPs and the functionalised fabrics have great potential to serve as an anti-infective material.

在这项研究中，我们开发了一种原位制备无机纳米颗粒的方法通过快速微波辅助合成在阳离子化纤维素表面上 硒纳米颗粒（SeNPs）被用作新型抗菌剂，并且使用相同的方法，还制备了银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）。结果表明，在阳离子化纤维素织物上均产生了约100 nm的SeNPs和AgNPs。抗菌测试表明，SeNPs的存在明显改善了阳离子化纤维素的抗菌性能，类似于AgNPs。当使用挑战试验方法评估时，即使在重复洗涤后，功能化织物也显示出强大的抗菌活性。显微镜研究表明，细菌细胞通过与功能化织物接触而在视觉上受到损害。此外，在体外使用间接接触法。总之，这项研究提供了一种制备具有Se或Ag纳米粒子功能化的阳离子纤维素织物的新方法，该织物具有出色的抗菌性能，低细胞毒性和良好的耐洗性。我们已经证明，SeNPs可以替代AgNPs，并且功能化织物具有巨大的潜力来用作抗感染材料。