The microsphere system has attracted considerable attention as a stem-cell delivery vehicle in regeneration medicine owing to its injectability, fast substance transfer ability, and mimicry of the three-dimensional native environment. However, suitable biomaterials for preparation of microspheres optimal for endodontic regeneration are still being explored. Owing to its excellent bioactivity and biodegradability, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was used to fabricate hydrogel microspheres by the electrostatic microdroplet method, and the potential of GelMA microspheres applied in endodontic regeneration was studied. The average size of GelMA microspheres encapsulating human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was ~200 μm, and the Young’s modulus was approximately 582.8 ± 66.0 Pa, which was close to that of the natural human dental pulp. The encapsulated hDPSCs could effectively adhere, spread, proliferate, and secrete extracellular matrix proteins in the microspheres, and tended to occupy the outer layer. Moreover, the cell-laden GelMA microsphere system could withstand cryopreservation, and the thawed cells exhibited normal functions. After subcutaneous implantation in a nude mouse model, more vascularized pulp-like tissues were generated in the cell-laden GelMA microsphere group compared with that in the cell-laden bulk GelMA group, and this was accompanied by a suitable degradation rate. The GelMA microspheres showed remarkable performances and great potential as cell delivery vehicles in endodontic regeneration.

由于其可注射性，快速的物质转移能力和对三维自然环境的模仿，微球系统作为再生医学中的干细胞传递载体已经引起了广泛的关注。然而，仍在探索用于制备最适合牙髓再生的微球的合适生物材料。由于其优异的生物活性和可生物降解性，明胶甲基丙烯酰基（GelMA）通过静电微滴法用于制备水凝胶微球，并研究了GelMA微球在牙髓再生中的潜力。封装人牙髓干细胞（hDPSCs）的GelMA微球的平均大小约为200μm，杨氏模量约为582.8±66.0 Pa，接近于天然人牙髓。封装的hDPSCs可以有效地粘附，扩散，增殖和分泌微球中的细胞外基质蛋白，并倾向于占据外层。此外，充满细胞的GelMA微球系统可以承受冷冻保存，并且融化的细胞表现出正常功能。在裸鼠模型中皮下植入后，与充满细胞的整体GelMA组相比，充满细胞的GelMA微球组中产生了更多的血管化牙髓样组织，并且伴随着适当的降解速率。GelMA微球在牙髓再生中表现出非凡的性能和巨大的潜力，可作为细胞递送载体。装有细胞的GelMA微球系统可以承受冷冻保存，并且融化的细胞表现出正常功能。在裸鼠模型中皮下植入后，与充满细胞的整体GelMA组相比，充满细胞的GelMA微球组中产生了更多的血管化牙髓样组织，并伴有适当的降解速率。GelMA微球在牙髓再生中表现出非凡的性能和巨大的潜力作为细胞传递载体。装有细胞的GelMA微球系统可以承受冷冻保存，并且融化的细胞表现出正常功能。在裸鼠模型中皮下植入后，与充满细胞的整体GelMA组相比，充满细胞的GelMA微球组中产生了更多的血管化牙髓样组织，并且伴随着适当的降解速率。GelMA微球在牙髓再生中表现出非凡的性能和巨大的潜力，可作为细胞递送载体。并且伴随着合适的降解率。GelMA微球在牙髓再生中表现出非凡的性能和巨大的潜力，可作为细胞递送载体。并且伴随着合适的降解率。GelMA微球在牙髓再生中表现出非凡的性能和巨大的潜力，可作为细胞递送载体。