Although vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) has great potentials for degradation of water contaminants, traditional VFCW has limited removal efficiencies for pollutants. This study constructed three sets of modified VFCW systems, including VFCW-A with matrix-modification using mixture of biochar and activated carbon, VFCW-B with microbial amendment using denitrifying bacteria, and VFCW-C with combined treatments of both. Their removal efficiencies for various pollutants in synthetic municipal tailwater were investigated. Results showed that the removal efficiencies for NH₄–N, NO₃–N, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by VFCW-C were higher than VFCW-B throughout the experimental period, indicating that matrix-modification could improve the VFCW performance. The higher removal efficiencies for TN, TP, and COD by VFCW-C than VFCW-A also suggested the effectiveness of microbial amendment in VFCW. However, the improved removal for NO₃–N by VFCW-C over VFCW-A became less obvious at later operation stage due to insufficient carbon source. All three VFCWs achieved their best removal efficiency when carbon source was supplemented at CH₃COO⁻/TN ratio of 0.5. Our study suggested that the combined treatment of matrix-modification using biochar/activated carbon mixture and microbial amendment using denitrifying bacteria could effectively enhance the treatment efficiency of VFCW systems for tailwater pollutants from sewage plant.

虽然垂直流人工湿地（VFCW）具有降解水污染物的巨大潜力，但传统的VFCW去除污染物的效率有限。这项研究构建了三套经过修改的VFCW系统，包括使用生物炭和活性炭的混合物进行基质改性的VFCW-A，使用反硝化细菌进行微生物改性的VFCW-B以及两者结合处理的VFCW-C。研究了它们对合成市政尾水中各种污染物的去除效率。结果表明，NH ₄ –N，NO ₃的去除效率在整个实验期间，VFCW-C的-N，总氮（TN），总磷（TP）和化学需氧量（VOD）均高于VFCW-B，表明基质改性可以改善VFCW的性能。与VFCW-A相比，VFCW-C对TN，TP和COD的去除效率更高，这也表明了VFCW中微生物改良的有效性。然而，由于碳源不足，VFCW-C相比VFCW-A改善了对NO ₃ -N的去除在后来的操作阶段变得不太明显。当在CH ₃ COO中添加碳源时，所有三个VFCW都达到了最佳去除效率^-/ TN比为0.5。我们的研究表明，采用生物炭/活性炭混合物与脱氮细菌对微生物的改性相结合，可以有效提高VFCW系统对污水厂尾水污染物的处理效率。