In this work we contextualize the energy transition problem to highlight the importance to develop mathematical models to simulate and optimize large scale energy systems for the replacement of systems based on fossil fuels with renewable technologies. We briefly present the most widely used energy system models, their main applications, and the available tools to develop new ones. Moreover, we indicate the important aspects to consider for developing a new model and the challenges of incorporating a large share of variable renewable energy technologies in energy systems. Finally, we discuss the strengths that process systems engineering has and the opportunities for future research directions to propose reliable, sustainable, and affordable energy systems.

在这项工作中，我们将能源转换问题具体化，以强调开发数学模型以模拟和优化大规模能源系统以用可再生技术替代基于化石燃料的系统的重要性。我们简要介绍了使用最广泛的能源系统模型，它们的主要应用以及开发新模型的可用工具。此外，我们指出了开发新模型要考虑的重要方面，以及将大量可变可再生能源技术纳入能源系统的挑战。最后，我们讨论了过程系统工程的优势以及未来的研究方向，以提出可靠，可持续和可负担的能源系统的机会。